The effect of maturity on concentration and biological activity of protein precipitating polyphenolics in ground juniper is dependent upon species

Naumann, H. D.; Stewart, W. C.; Whitney, T. R.

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.09.013

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This approach has proven to be a cost-effective and time-saving tool ( 71 , 72 ). These techniques are especially useful when exploring domestication of wild types of perennial prairie legumes ( 73 ), investigating increased utilization of arboreal plant resources as forage ( 74 ), or when seeking the value of feeding invasive plant species to ruminants ( 75 , 76 ). However, there is often some disparity between in vitro and in vivo CH 4 production ( 77 ).…”

Section: Polyphenolicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tannin concentrations vary within species based on plant maturity, which is another factor to consider. In some species, mature plants produce lower tannin concentrations than immature plants ( 76 , 105 ), whereas others may increase or remain unchanged with maturity ( 105 ). However, it is crucial to fully understand the CT concentration at different seasonal growth stages in a given plant species ( 106 ) to maximize their ontogenic phytochemical characteristics on sustainable ruminant production systems ( 8 ).…”

Section: Polyphenolicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nutritional Aspects of Ecologically Relevant Phytochemicals in Ruminant Production

Tedeschi

Muir²,

Naumann

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

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This review provides an update of ecologically relevant phytochemicals for ruminant production, focusing on their contribution to advancing nutrition. Phytochemicals embody a broad spectrum of chemical components that influence resource competence and biological advantage in determining plant species' distribution and density in different ecosystems. These natural compounds also often act as plant defensive chemicals against predatorial microbes, insects, and herbivores. They may modulate or exacerbate microbial transactions in the gastrointestinal tract and physiological responses in ruminant microbiomes. To harness their production-enhancing characteristics, phytochemicals have been actively researched as feed additives to manipulate ruminal fermentation and establish other phytochemoprophylactic (prevent animal diseases) and phytochemotherapeutic (treat animal diseases) roles. However, phytochemical-host interactions, the exact mechanism of action, and their effects require more profound elucidation to provide definitive recommendations for ruminant production. The majority of phytochemicals of nutritional and pharmacological interest are typically classified as flavonoids (9%), terpenoids (55%), and alkaloids (36%). Within flavonoids, polyphenolics (e.g., hydrolyzable and condensed tannins) have many benefits to ruminants, including reducing methane (CH4) emission, gastrointestinal nematode parasitism, and ruminal proteolysis. Within terpenoids, saponins and essential oils also mitigate CH4 emission, but triterpenoid saponins have rich biochemical structures with many clinical benefits in humans. The anti-methanogenic property in ruminants is variable because of the simultaneous targeting of several physiological pathways. This may explain saponin-containing forages' relative safety for long-term use and describe associated molecular interactions on all ruminant metabolism phases. Alkaloids are N-containing compounds with vast pharmacological properties currently used to treat humans, but their phytochemical usage as feed additives in ruminants has yet to be exploited as they may act as ghost compounds alongside other phytochemicals of known importance. We discussed strategic recommendations for phytochemicals to support sustainable ruminant production, such as replacements for antibiotics and anthelmintics. Topics that merit further examination are discussed and include the role of fresh forages vis-à-vis processed feeds in confined ruminant operations. Applications and benefits of phytochemicals to humankind are yet to be fully understood or utilized. Scientific explorations have provided promising results, pending thorough vetting before primetime use, such that academic and commercial interests in the technology are fully adopted.

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Section: Polyphenolicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Polyphenolicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Aspects of Ecologically Relevant Phytochemicals in Ruminant Production

Tedeschi

Muir²,

Naumann

et al. 2021

Front. Vet. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The common juniper was one of the two conifers included in our study. Earlier studies with junipers and other conifers have shown differences in phenolic composition of first-year needles compared to older needles [ 54 , 55 , 56 ]. This highlights the importance of comparable sampling over the years.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Variation in Plant Polyphenols and Related Bioactivities across Three Years in Ten Tree Species as Visualized by Mass Spectrometric Fingerprint Mapping

Vanhakylä,

Salminen

2023

Molecules

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The currently changing climates and environments place plants under many types of stresses that affect both their survival and levels of chemical defenses. The gradual induction of defenses in stressed plant populations could be monitored on a yearly basis unless a seasonal and yearly variation in natural defense levels obscures such monitoring schemes. Here, we studied the stability of the species-specific polyphenol composition and content of 10 tree species over three growing seasons using five replicate trees per species. We specifically measured hydrolyzable tannins (galloyl and hexahydroxydiphenoyl derivatives), proanthocyanidins (procyanidins and prodelphinidins), flavonols (kaempferol, quercetin and kaempferol derivatives) and quinic acid derivatives with the group-specific UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS tool, together with two bioactivities, the protein precipitation capacity and oxidative activity. With the help of a fingerprint mapping tool, we found out that species differed a lot in their seasonal and between-year variation in polyphenols and that the variation was also partially specific to compound groups. Especially ellagitannins tended to have declining seasonal patterns while the opposite was true for proanthocyanidins. Some of the species showed minimal variation in all measured variables, while others showed even induced levels of certain polyphenol groups during the 3-year study. For every species, we found either species-specific baseline levels in qualitative and quantitative polyphenol chemistry or the compound groups with the most plasticity in their production. The used tools could thus form a good combination for future studies attempting to monitor the overall changes in polyphenol chemistry due to various biotic or abiotic stress factors in plant populations or in more controlled environments.

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“…To date, no studies have addressed the response of protein-supplemented goats browsing ERC. A compari-son of protein-precipitable phenolics, which can bind and precipitate protein, is low in immature (1 −1.8 m tall) ERC compared with ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei), one-seed juniper, and redberry juniper and decreases in mature juniper ( > 3 m tall) ( Naumann et al 2018 ). More research comparing high RUP and high RDP is probably warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Goat Defoliation and Debarking on Eastern Redcedar with Rumen Undegradable Protein Supplement

Hartsfield

Smart

et al. 2023

Rangeland Ecology & Management

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The effect of maturity on concentration and biological activity of protein precipitating polyphenolics in ground juniper is dependent upon species

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Nutritional Aspects of Ecologically Relevant Phytochemicals in Ruminant Production

Nutritional Aspects of Ecologically Relevant Phytochemicals in Ruminant Production

Seasonal Variation in Plant Polyphenols and Related Bioactivities across Three Years in Ten Tree Species as Visualized by Mass Spectrometric Fingerprint Mapping

Goat Defoliation and Debarking on Eastern Redcedar with Rumen Undegradable Protein Supplement

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