The Effect of Mechanical Stress on Hypertrophy of the Lumbar Ligamentum Flavum

Fukuyama, Shin; Nakamura, Takafumi; Ikeda, Takashi; Takagi, Katsumasa

doi:10.1097/00002517-199504000-00006

Cited by 120 publications

(103 citation statements)

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“…This difference may be attributed to the various origins or types of fibroblasts, different glucose concentrations, or stimulation time. Collagen I and III are the main collagen protein content in the ligament and their increment is an important cause of ligament tissue hypertrophy [6]. The ligamentous hypertrophy may play significant roles in both onset and progression of OPLL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High glucose promotes collagen synthesis by cultured cells from rat cervical posterior longitudinal ligament via transforming growth factor-β1

Hai

Zhao

et al. 2008

Eur Spine J

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Non-insulin-dependent diabetes is known as a risk factor of ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament, but the mechanism has not been well understood. We hypothesized that hyperglycemia, as a typical characteristic of diabetes, is closely associated with ligament hypertrophy in ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament. In this in vitro study, we investigated the effect of high glucose on collagen synthesis and transforming growth factor-b1 (TGF-b1) production using cells isolated from rat cervical posterior longitudinal ligament. The cells were subjected to high D-glucose concentration (25 mM) media for 4 days. Notable increases were observed in gene expression and protein synthesis of collagen types I, III in the cells. The increase was inhibited in the presence of anti-TGF-b1 antibodies. Production of TGF-b1 by the cells was also increased significantly by high glucose concentration. Exogenous application of TGF-b1 was confirmed to increase collagen synthesis of the cells. These data suggested that high glucose could promote collagen synthesis in the posterior longitudinal ligament mainly via endogenous TGF-b1, resulting in hypertrophy of the ligament.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High glucose promotes collagen synthesis by cultured cells from rat cervical posterior longitudinal ligament via transforming growth factor-β1

Hai

Zhao

et al. 2008

Eur Spine J

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“…The adjacent spines become unstable during the reduction of disc thickness, and they are finally stabilized when the disc completely collapses. It is well recognized that a dynamic instability takes place between adjacent spines during the reduction of disc thickness before stabilization of the spine occurs [8,23,24], and several authors have suggested that mechanical stress due to spinal instability may induce hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum [8,[23][24][25]401. However, previous papers have failed to confirm that mechanical force could cause hypertrophy of the ligamenturn flavum by inducing collagen production in the fibroblasts of the ligament.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical stretching force promotes collagen synthesis by cultured cells from human ligamentum flavum via transforming growth factor‐β1

Nakatani

Marui

Hitora

et al. 2002

Journal Orthopaedic Research

134

125

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Although mechanical stress as a result of spinal instability is known to cause hypertrophy of the ligameiitum flavum resulting in degenerative spinal canal stenosis, the mechanism of the ligament hypertrophy is not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the effect of mechanical stretching force on collagen synthesis and transforming growth factor-/3 1 (TGF-PI) production using ligament cells isolated from human ligamentum flavum in vitro. Ligamenturn flavum cells (LFCs) were isolated from human ligamenturn flavum obtained from patients who underwent lumbar spine surgery. The LFCs were subjected to a mechanical stretching force using a cominercially available stretching device that physically deformed the cells. Collagen synthesis and TGF-PI production levels in the LFCs were then examined. Notable increases were observed in the gene expressions of collagen types I, 111, and V in LFCs subjected to mechanical stretching force. The increase in collagen gene expression of LFCs was inhibited in the presence of anti-TGF-pl antibodies. Production of TGF-PI by the LFCs also increased significantly by the mechanical stretching force. Exogenous application of TGF-PI was confirmed to increase collagen synthesis of the LFCs. This data indicated that mechanical stretching force can promote TGF-Dl production by LFCs, resulting in hypertrophy of the ligament.

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“…OLF was most likely to occur in the lower thoracic spine (T10-12), which is consistent with the report by Guo et al Some studies considered that this location is in the transitional area between the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, and the protection of bony thorax is weak. The posterior vertebral columns in the lower thoracic segments have higher tension and are more likely to degenerate, resulting in the proliferation and hypertrophy of collagen, as well as deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate and calcium hydroxyapatite in the ligament, leading to OLF [18]. Some scholars believe that when local stress is abnormally increased, the elastic fibers in the ligamentum flavum will rupture and degenerate, causing microdamage.…”

Section: Segmental Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological survey of ossification of the ligamentum flavum in thoracic spine: CT imaging observation of 993 cases

et al. 2012

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Objective To investigate the characteristics of epidemiological distribution of the ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) in the thoracic spine including the incidence, segmental distribution, and shape. Methods Chest spiral computed tomography scans of 993 cases (male 506, female 487, mean age 60 years, range 5-102 years) who presented due to chest symptoms were analyzed with axial slices combined with sagittal slices. The conditions of OLF in the thoracic spine, including segments, thickness, location, and dural sac compression, were recorded. Prevalence was standardized according to the ''Age Structure of Population in Beijing 2008''. Results Among the population investigated, the standardized prevalence rate was 63.9 %. The standardized prevalence rate for males (68.5 %) was higher than that for females (59.0 %). The highest prevalence rate of OLF was in the 50-59 years age group (79.2 %); however, high density originated it can be found in individuals aged 10-19 years. The comparison of different thoracic segments showed that T10-11 (44.0 %) and T11-12 (41.6 %) had the highest prevalence rates. ConclusionThe prevalence of ossification of the ligamentum flavum was highest in the 50-59 years group, but also occurred in early years. OLF occurs more frequently in the lower than in the upper and middle thoracic regions and its prevalence increases with aging.

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The Effect of Mechanical Stress on Hypertrophy of the Lumbar Ligamentum Flavum

Cited by 120 publications

References 0 publications

High glucose promotes collagen synthesis by cultured cells from rat cervical posterior longitudinal ligament via transforming growth factor-β1

High glucose promotes collagen synthesis by cultured cells from rat cervical posterior longitudinal ligament via transforming growth factor-β1

Mechanical stretching force promotes collagen synthesis by cultured cells from human ligamentum flavum via transforming growth factor‐β1

Epidemiological survey of ossification of the ligamentum flavum in thoracic spine: CT imaging observation of 993 cases

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