The Effect of Meditation-Based Mind-Body Interventions on Symptoms and Executive Function in People With ADHD: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of MBIs (Mindfulness, Tai Chi, Yoga, and Qigong) on symptoms and executive function (EF) in ADHD. Method: PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, and CNKI databases were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of MBIs on symptoms and EF in ADHD. Data extraction and methodological quality evaluation were conducted by two researchers, and a meta-analysis was conducted by Stata SE. Results: The pooled meta-analyses of MBIs revealed a positive and small effect on inattention ( g = −0.26), hyperactivity/impulsivity ( g = −0.19), and EF ( g = −0.35). Conclusion: Results suggest that MBIs have a significant improvement relative to the control condition. Although some results show that symptoms are affected by age, interventions, and total time of moderators, while EF is not affected by age and measurement, it needs to be supported by more research evidence. ( J. of Att. Dis. XXXX; XX(X) XX-XX)

A Critical Review of Existing Evidence-Based Sport Psychological Interventions for College Athletes with Comorbid Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder and Sport-Related Concussions

“…A meta-analysis of 19 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to determine how well mindfulness can provide relief for individuals with ADHD symptoms such as hy-peractivity and impulsivity (24). Inclusion criteria for the RCTs included an official Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or International Classification of Diseases (ICD) diagnosis of ADHD; mindfulness, Tai Chi, Qigong, or yoga were the interventions; specific control conditions, including sitting, reading, and psychoeducation, were met; and ADHD hyperactivity/impulsivity and/or inattention were outcomes (24). Mindfulness had a small, significant effect on hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms (g = −0.19), which can lower the risk for SRC in athletes (9,24).…”

“…Mindfulness had a small, significant effect on hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms (g = −0.19), which can lower the risk for SRC in athletes (9,24). In addition, Zhang et al (24) concluded that mindfulness interventions that were less than 1000 min in duration had a small, significant effect on ADHD impulsivity. This study provides evidence that mindfulness can be a preventive method for student-athletes who are at risk for sustaining SRC due to ADHD symptom expression.…”

“…This study provides evidence that mindfulness can be a preventive method for student-athletes who are at risk for sustaining SRC due to ADHD symptom expression. This research was limited in the amount of ADHD executive functioning variables it measured, the limited study design variation among mindfulness intervention delivery modes and frequency of interventions, and low sample size (24).…”

“…Recent evidence suggests that various mental skills training could be advantageous to assisting student-athletes with ADHD with the prevention, rehabilitation, and performance enhancement of SRC (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32). Mental skills are defined as the systematic development of cognitive and psychological abilities aimed at improving mental and sports performance (14)(15)(16).…”

“…Inclusion criteria for the RCTs included an official Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or International Classification of Diseases (ICD) diagnosis of ADHD; mindfulness, Tai Chi, Qigong, or yoga were the interventions; specific control conditions, including sitting, reading, and psychoeducation, were met; and ADHD hyperactivity/impulsivity and/or inattention were outcomes (24). Mindfulness had a small, significant effect on hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms (g = −0.19), which can lower the risk for SRC in athletes (9,24). In addition, Zhang et al (24) concluded that mindfulness interventions that were less than 1000 min in duration had a small, significant effect on ADHD impulsivity.…”