The effect of membrane filtration artifacts on dissolved trace element concentrations

Horowitz, Arthur J.; Elrick, Kent A.; Colberg, Mark R.

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(92)90006-p

Cited by 96 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Our results of the different comparing tests bring us to the conclusion, that Nylon 0.45 filters are the most suitable ones in nutrient studies. They affect the nutrient content at the lowest and furthermore their pore size of 0.45 μm exactly defines the division point between dissolved and particulate matter (Hickel, 1984;Horowitz et al, 1992) and makes it possible to work with a higher flow rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Horowitz et al (1992) we tried to eliminate all factors that can influence the nutrient content in a filtrate. Furthermore, we worked out the samples in parallel and do not see any kind of storage effect (Kattner, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence the flow rate of the GF/F 0.7 filter was very low (small pore size), and the pore size of the Nylon 0.45 and the Track-Etch 0.4 filters define the division point (0.45 μm) between dissolved and particulate matter (Hickel 1984;Horowitz et al 1992) more precisely, we tested the last two filters further on.…”

Section: Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of different filter types on chlorophyll-a retention and nutrient measurements

Knefelkamp

Carstens

Wiltshire

2007

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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In studies on the biochemical compounds in phytoplankton, water samples generally are (pre-) filtered to retain the organisms for extraction. Such filters can be used for further investigations in microscopic or chromatographic (for example HighPerformance-Liquid-Chromatography, HPLC) methods, while the filtrates can be used for nutrient or fluorometric measurements as well as for microscopic examinations. Which filter is chosen for a study often depends on its pore size, the costs and, in particular for HPLC measurements, on its chemical compatibility. In our study we compared the chlorophyll-a retention on the filters by HPLC as well as the fluorescence before and after filtration, and nutrient content of the filtrates. The filters we tested were of different material and with various pore sizes. Although Whatman GF/C and GF/F filters are preferred in phytoplankton studies, we found that the Nylon Membrane filter of 0.2 μm pore size provided the most consistent results in chlorophyll-a retention and the one of 0.45 μm pore size in nutrient investigations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of different filter types on chlorophyll-a retention and nutrient measurements

Knefelkamp

Carstens

Wiltshire

2007

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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“…Preliminary treatment often involves filtration which differentiates between the dissolved phase (operationally defined as that fraction which passes through a 0.45 or 0.2 m filter) and suspended matter (that fraction collected on the filter) [30]. It is essential that filtration is carried out im-mediately after the sample is collected to prevent short-term changes in phosphorus speciation.…”

Section: Sample Preservation and Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polycarbonate or cellulose acetate membrane filters are recommended for dissolved constituents in natural waters [31]. Filtration with a 0.2 m filter is preferred as it removes the majority of bacteria and plankton that would otherwise alter dissolved phosphorus concentrations during storage [30]. It should be stressed however that some bacteria, as well as viruses, will pass through a 0.2 m filter.…”

Section: Sample Preservation and Storagementioning

confidence: 99%