The Effect of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Wharton’s Jelly on Nuclear Factor Kappa Beta and Interleukin-10 Levels in Osteoarthritis Rat Model

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease in one or more joints characterized by changes in pathological structures such as cartilage, hypertrophy, and remodeling of the subchondral bone and secondary inflammation of the synovium membrane, causing changes in joint components such as cells, matrices, and molecular production. At the molecular level, an imbalance between catabolic and anabolic activities in joint cartilage results in OA. Nuclear factor kappa beta (NFκβ) is a cytokine that plays an important role in the signaling pathway of the pathogenesis of OA in causing an inflammatory reaction, whereas interleukin (IL)-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that is involved in the pathogenesis of OA.
 AIM: This study aims to prove the influence before and after administration mesenchymal stem cells from Wharton’s jelly on the serum NFκβ and IL-10 levels in OA rat models.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research is an experimental study with the design of post-test-only control group design. The sample consisted of 16 OA rats as a control group and 16 OA rats treated with MSC-WJ as a treatment group. OA induction is done by injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) into the intra-articular right knee. Giving MSC-WJ is done in the 3rd week after MIA induction. The serum NFκβ and IL-10 levels were measured after 3 weeks treated with MSC-WJ using the ELISA method. The statistical test used is an independent t-test. p < 0.05 was said to be statistically significant.
 RESULTS: From the research results obtained, serum levels of knee OA of rat knee OA treated with mesenchymal stem cell Wharton jelly are lower than serum NFκβ levels of knee OA of the rat that is not treated, but the difference in levels of NFκβ is not significant (p > 0.05). The serum IL-10 level of rat OA of knee treated with mesenchymal stem cell Wharton jelly was higher than the serum IL-10 level of rat OA of the knee that was not treated, difference in levels of IL-10, is significant (p < 0.05).
 CONCLUSION: This study concluded that MSC-WJ significantly decreased the serum NFκβ levels of OA rats and not significantly increased the serum IL-10 levels of OA rats.

Cartilage regeneration and inflammation modulation in knee osteoarthritis following injection of allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells: a phase II, triple-blinded, placebo controlled, randomized trial

“…This anti-inflammatory cytokine along with other markers such as TGF-β1 plays a crucial role in the regulation of immune system by inhibition of lymphocytes proliferation and maturation of dendritic cells [63]. In this respect, Sofia et al [64] have shown that serum IL-10 levels were increased in OA rats after treatment with Wharton jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (WJ-MSCs). Regarding this anti-inflammatory cytokine, our results showed that in the AD-MSCs group, a significant elevation in IL-10 expression was observed after 1 week, which indicates the impact of AD-MSCs in downregulation of the immune system to avoid rejection after allogeneic AD-MSCs transplantation.…”