The effect of methandienone on the metabolic response to surgical operation

Johnston, I. D. A.; Chenneour, R.

doi:10.1002/bjs.18005022704

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…44 The high anabolic to androgenic ratio (100:1) of stanozolol has resulted in no evidence of virilization in the 30 females in the present study. This ratio contrasts with those of many other anabolic steroids such as testosterone (1:1), methandienone (1:1), and nandrolone decanoate (10:1).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 48%

The Effects of an Anabolic Steroid and Peripherally Administered Intravenous Nutrition in the Early Postoperative Period

Hansell

Davies

Shenkin

et al. 1989

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

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Sixty patients undergoing colorectal surgery for malignancy were randomized to receive the anabolic steroid stanozolol (n = 30) or to a control group (n = 30). Patients were further randomized to receive on the first 4 postoperative days a) a standard dextrose-saline regimen (DS), b) an amino acid regimen (AA), or c) a glucose-amino acid-fat regimen (GAF) via a peripheral vein. Fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates were calculated pre- and postoperatively using indirect calorimetry. Postoperative nitrogen balance (NB) in patients receiving amino acids was significantly improved (p less than 0.02) by the administration of stanozolol. Fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates were not significantly affected by stanozolol. Patients in the stanozolol and control AA groups showed a fall in carbohydrate oxidation (p less than 0.01) and a rise in fat oxidation (p less than 0.05) postoperatively, whereas no significant changes in fat and carbohydrate oxidation occurred in the two DS and two GAF groups. Cumulative NB for the first 4 postoperative days was significantly better (p less than 0.01) in the two AA groups than in the two DS groups, due to an improved NB in the two AA groups on the 1st and 2nd days only. Cumulative NB in the two GAF groups was significantly better (p less than 0.01) than in all the other groups. This study shows that stanozolol improves postoperative NB in patients receiving amino acids alone, whereas the provision of a more complete nutritional regimen containing glucose, amino acids, and fat results in a positive NB unaffected by stanozolol.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 48%

The Effects of an Anabolic Steroid and Peripherally Administered Intravenous Nutrition in the Early Postoperative Period

Hansell

Davies

Shenkin

et al. 1989

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

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“…The failure of an anabolic steroid to reduce still further the nitrogen excretion is in contrast to the nitrogen-sparing action observed during low-calorie oral feeding after smaller operations (Johnston and Chenneour, 1963) and the results of Beal, Payne, Gilder, Johnson, and Craver (1957) during intravenous feeding after injury. The present results suggest that anabolic steroids have no anticatabolic properties after injury and any possible anabolic effect is probably masked by the high-calorie intake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The effect of intravenous feeding on the balances of nitrogen, sodium, and potassium after operation

Johnston

Marino

Stevens

1966

Journal of British Surgery

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The value of intravenous nutrients in reducing the postoperative negative balance of nitrogen and associated loss of body-weight is uncertain. Metabolic balance studies of amino acids, nitrogen, sodium, and potassium were carried out on 30 men, aged 25 to 60 years, for 5 days after vagotomy and drainage for duodenal ulcer.The patients were divided into 5 groups: a control group had fluids only and no calories; amino acids (0.15 g. nitrogen/kg./day) and few calories had no effect on the nitrogen balance in a second group; the addition of calories as fat emulsion (35 cals/kg./day) reduced, but did not abolish, the negative balance of nitrogen (0.05 > F;.0.02); anabolic steroids had no effect on the utilization of intravenous nutrients after operation; intravenous feeding was more efficient than comparable amounts of nutrients given intrajejunally.Intravenous nutrients contain large amounts of sodium and negligible quantities of potassium. Sodium balances remained strongly positive after operation. Potassium losses were considerable and serum levels fell after 4 or 5 days.When the daily postoperative intake of amino acids was constant, the mean proportion retained was least on the third day (70 per cent) and greatest on the fifth day (90 per cent).Intravenous nutrients appear to be of more value towards the end of the catabolic response to injury, and their use should be considered at that time if normal feeding cannot be resumed. Numerous physical and histological studies on woun? healing have led to the idea of a metabolically inert 'lag phase (Slome, 1961) which lasts for 3-5 days after injury. The earliest changes escape observation when examined by routine histological techniques. Enzyme histochemistry gives a better picture of the functional state of cells and tissues and is thus more suitable for detection of the first reactions in wounded tissue. Studies of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, cytochrome oxidase, and succinate dehydrogenase activities were undertaken on wounds in albino rats and guinea-pigs. Enzyme activity was studied at intervals from half an hour to one week after wounding. Comparative histological changes and an estimation of cell glycogen were also made.In the immediate vicinity of the wound there is a central zone of decreased enzyme activity: surrounding this a peripheral zone exhibited increased enzyme activity which appears 1-8 hours after wounding. This initial increase seemed to indicate an adaptive defence mechanism by local connective-tissue cells in response to injury i: Raekallio, 1964). The enzymes in the outer zone of the wound may play a part in more specific regenerative processes. It seems probable that the production of the enzymes studied is the earliest step in the process of repair which begins in the so-called 'lag' phase of wound healing. RAEKALLIO The exact method of placentation in the higher primates is unknown. It has been suggested that the chorionic villi act like malignant cells, burrowing their way into the endometrium which tends to resist their invasion...

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“…A major injury or a major surgical procedure leads to an increased catabolism, which is mediated through increased secretion of catecholamines and glucocorticoids (60). Anabolic steroids have therefore been used to initiate the anabolic phase after surgery (39). It has been shown that the stress response can be inhibited by the use of spinal or epidural anesthesia (36), and as mentioned earlier pain inhibits muscle function almost totally postoperatively.…”

Section: Endocrinologic Aspectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The World Sports Medicine Federation (FIMS -Federation Internationelle de la Médècine Sportive) is broadening its base and has set as one of its major tasks to arrange education Pharmacologic Means Anabolic steroids might affect the catabolism that always takes place after major trauma. They have been recommended for use in the postoperative period after meniscus injuries for instance (39), but to my knowledge no controlled studies of their effects in sports medicine patients have been performed. Here is a great need for scientific studies on a molecular level.…”

Section: Voluntary Meansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rehabilitation of Muscle Function After Sport Injury - Major Problem in Sports Medicine

Eriksson¹

1981

Int J Sports Med

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The effect of methandienone on the metabolic response to surgical operation

Cited by 20 publications

References 15 publications

The Effects of an Anabolic Steroid and Peripherally Administered Intravenous Nutrition in the Early Postoperative Period

The Effects of an Anabolic Steroid and Peripherally Administered Intravenous Nutrition in the Early Postoperative Period

The effect of intravenous feeding on the balances of nitrogen, sodium, and potassium after operation

Rehabilitation of Muscle Function After Sport Injury - Major Problem in Sports Medicine

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