The effect of methyl parathion on susceptibility of bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) to domestic cat predation

Galindo, Janine C.; Kendall, Ronald J.; Driver, Crystal J.; Lacher, Thomas E.

doi:10.1016/s0163-1047(85)91454-2

Cited by 58 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Such behavior in a bird that is sick for any reason is likely to be adaptive as it reduces the risk from avian predators. However, immobilized birds on or near the ground may be at risk from ground-dwelling predators or scavengers [5].…”

Section: Consequences For the Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of exposure to an organophosphorus pesticide on the behavior and use of cover by captive starlings

Fryday¹,

Hart²,

Langton³

1996

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Abstract-It has been suggested that reduced behavioral activity of birds exposed to anticholinesterase pesticides could bias measures of exposure in field studies if the worst-affected individuals were underrepresented in samples collected by shooting or netting. To assess the likely scale of such biases, European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) were housed in large aviaries containing simulated bushes made from natural vegetation. Each bird was given a near-lethal dose of the organophosphorus pesticide chlorfenvinphos, and the proportion of time spent in and out of cover was recorded before and after treatment. Use of cover by exposed birds increased significantly 0 to 7 h after treatment, whereas feeding and flying activity decreased. On the following day, there was little difference in the use of cover by exposed and control birds. Mathematical models were used to estimate the effect of these behavioral changes on the sampling of birds from wild populations. The results confirm the potential for sampling bias to occur after acute pesticide exposure. This bias is reduced in samples taken over 24 h after exposure, but delayed samples are unlikely to be representative of cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition at the time of maximal effect. When poisoned birds seek cover, it is more difficult to find casualties in field trials and the probability that dead birds will be found and recorded in wildlife casualty monitoring schemes is reduced. We conclude that considerable caution is required in using ChE activity as an indicator of exposure in avian field trials.

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Section: Consequences For the Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of exposure to an organophosphorus pesticide on the behavior and use of cover by captive starlings

Fryday¹,

Hart²,

Langton³

1996

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…The observed effect could be explained by differences between sexes in the OP sensitivity due to gender differences in the basal levels of cholinesterase activities, metabolic rates and hormones (Rattner & Franson, 1984;Moser, 2000;Wang, Schorer-Apelbaum & Weinstock, 2001;Maul & Farris, 2004). Mortality from acute poisoning could explain the observed male mortality, although other sublethal malathion effects might have also played a role, including lower foraging capacity (Story & Cox, 2001), immunotoxicity (Galloway & Handy, 2003), behavioral (Walker, 2003) and higher predation rates (Galindo et al, 1985;Buerger et al, 1991;Wilson et al, 2001). Sexual differences in survival could also be caused by loss of body condition, which could be equal between sexes, but it could have caused higher mortality in males because adult male survival is more dependent on body condition than female survival in the lesser kestrel (Aparicio & Cordero, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malathion applied at standard rates reduces fledgling condition and adult male survival in a wild lesser kestrel population

Ortego

Aparicio

Muñoz

et al. 2007

Animal Conservation

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The lesser kestrel Falco naumanni is a globally threatened colonial bird that has suffered a generalized population decline in Europe. Recent studies have suggested that the land-use changes linked to agriculture intensification are the main factors accounting for the population regression. However, there has been little analysis of the role of pesticide applications. In this study, we examined the consequences of a malathion treatment in a wild population of lesser kestrels, specifically its effects on breeding performance, adult survival and population size. We found that the larger the area treated with malathion around the colony, the lower the size and the body condition of the fledglings, although no effects were found on the number of fledged chicks per pair or their sex ratio. Survival of adult males, but not females, was lower in the malathion-treated areas. These results show that organophosphorus pesticides applied at standard rates might disrupt the lesser kestrel population dynamics by reducing their breeding performance and increasing adult mortality in a sex-biased way. The proportional area treated around the colony did not affect colony size in the following year, indicating that an increased adult male mortality was not enough to lead to a detectable population size reduction and/or that the arrival of immigrants could have masked it. Both the direct malathion toxic effects and the expected reduction in prey availability due to fumigation are likely to underlie the observed effects. Hence, keeping non-treated buffer areas around kestrel colony centers should be a strictly applied conservation measure to avoid the observed negative side effects of malathion applications.

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“…Studies of the effects of OPs on predations have shown that birds exhibit increased susceptibility to predation from avian and mammalian predators under field Buerger et al 1991;Hawkes et al 1996;McEwen et al 1986) and laboratory conditions (Galindo et al 1985;Hunt et al 1991 increased susceptibility to predators occurred at exposures that would result in partial mortality in populations not exposed to predatory stress. Exposures to subacute concentrations of chlorpyrifos generally have not led to increased predation, particularly in field evaluations, perhaps due to increased secretive and coverseeking behaviors shown by intoxicated birds (Fryday et al 1996).…”

Section: Terrestrial Risk Assessment For Chlorpyrifos In Corn Agroecomentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorpyrifos: Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment for Birds and Mammals in Corn Agroecosystems

Solomon

Giesy

Kendall

et al. 2001

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal

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A tiered risk assessment was conducted for the use of granular and liquid formulations of chlorpyrifos in corn agroecosystems in the U.S. The initial screening Tier I assessment suggested that under high-exposure scenarios the granular and some spray formulations present potential hazards to birds. Higher tiered probabilistic risk assessments were conducted separately for the granular and liquid formulations. The probabilistic assessment indicated that risk to birds from exposure to granular formulation is small and that this route of exposure would not be a significant source of mortality. Similarly, the assessment of potential exposure of birds to food items contaminated with chlorpyrifos showed that the risk from exposure via food was small, even if it was assumed that birds feed only on the treated fields. Although they have potentially greater sensitivity to chlorpyrifos, effects in nestling birds consuming food items from fields treated with granular chlorpyrifos were negligible. However, risks to young birds may be greater where the major source of food is from fields treated with liquid formulations of chlorpyrifos. A review of field studies showed that wildlife mortality incidents associated with use of either granular or liquid formulations of chlorpyrifos are not widely apparent in agroecosystems. Based on the multiple lines of evidence, we conclude that the presumption that chlorpyrifos use in corn agroecosystems will result in extensive Solomon et al. mortality of terrestrial wildlife, particularly birds and mammals, is not supported by the scientific evidence.

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The effect of methyl parathion on susceptibility of bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) to domestic cat predation

Cited by 58 publications

References 20 publications

Effects of exposure to an organophosphorus pesticide on the behavior and use of cover by captive starlings

Effects of exposure to an organophosphorus pesticide on the behavior and use of cover by captive starlings

Malathion applied at standard rates reduces fledgling condition and adult male survival in a wild lesser kestrel population

Chlorpyrifos: Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment for Birds and Mammals in Corn Agroecosystems

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