The effect of metritis and subclinical hypocalcemia on uterine involution in dairy cows evaluated by sonomicrometry

Heppelmann, M.; Krach, K.; Krueger, Lars; Benz, Philipp; Herzog, Kathrin; Marion, P; Hoedemaker, Martina; Bollwein, Heinrich

doi:10.1262/jrd.2015-015

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, although there was no significant difference in the detection rate of PVD, the detection rate was numerically higher at 7 wk; it was speculated that the prolonged endometrial inflammation is causing continued excretion of purulent discharge from the uterus. Furthermore, it has been reported that serum Ca concentration is associated with a neutrophil function [ 33 ] and uterine involution [ 34 ]; however, the blood concentrations of iCa and tCa did not affect endometrial inflammation convergence in our study. These discrepancies between previous studies and the present study may result from the difference in the classification method.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Evaluation of Prolonged Endometrial Inflammation Associated with the Periparturient Metabolic State in Dairy Cows

Sato

Koyama

Yasukawa

et al. 2022

Animals

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The objectives of this study were to assess the sequential dynamics of the endometrial polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) after calving by endometrial cytology, and clarify the factors that cause prolonged endometrial inflammation in lactating dairy cows. A total of 33 lactating Holstein dairy cows were used from −4 to 8 wk relative to calving (0 wk: the calving week). Endometrial samples were obtained sequentially from 2 to 8 wk. Body condition score and backfat thickness were obtained weekly from −4 to 8 wk. Blood samples collected from −4 to 8 wk were analyzed for indicators of energy status, hepatic function, systemic inflammation, and calcium. Blood amino acids were measured at 2 wk. Daily milk production was determined between 5 and 65 d postpartum. Based on the sequential cytological analysis, the endometrial inflammation threshold was set at ≥5.0% PMN, and the median wk of PMN% lower than 5.0% was 4.5 wk in this study; therefore, we classified the cows into the early group (cows with endometrial inflammation converged within 4 wk: n = 17) and the late group (cows with endometrial inflammation converged at or after 5 wk: n = 16). There were no differences in daily milk production, energy status, hepatic function, blood calcium concentration, and systemic inflammatory response. The late group had lower body condition scores and backfat thickness during the experimental period, and a higher blood concentration of 3-methyl histidine, indicating muscle breakdown, was observed in the late group at 2 wk. Our findings indicated that the lack of body fat reservation during the peripartum period and the increased muscle breakdown after calving were risk factors for prolonged endometrial inflammation.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

Evaluation of Prolonged Endometrial Inflammation Associated with the Periparturient Metabolic State in Dairy Cows

Sato

Koyama

Yasukawa

et al. 2022

Animals

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“…Specifically, cows with delayed uterine involution have reduced CD2 + , CD4 + , CD8 + and B-cells in peripheral blood. The duration of uterine involution is positively associated with uterine disease, and as such depletion of these cellular subpopulations may be causative of delayed uterine involution, increasing the risk of uterine disease (Heppelmann et al, 2015; Melendez et al, 2004). However, these studies did not quantify changes to lymphocyte populations during the prepartum period which may predispose to delayed uterine involution and subsequent uterine disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations in periparturient dairy cows that develop metritis

Bromfield

Watt

Iacovides

2018

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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Bacterial contamination of the uterus following calving is ubiquitous in the dairy cow, 40% of cows develop postpartum uterine infection, including metritis. While predisposing factors like twinning and dystocia are associated with metritis, it is unclear why some cows remain healthy following calving and others develop uterine infection, negatively impacting animal health, milk production and economic return. Here, we profiled peripheral blood mononuclear cells of cows before calving and during postpartum metritis. We hypothesized that peripheral blood mononuclear cell function and proportions would be altered during the prepartum period in cows that develop postpartum metritis. Using flow cytometry we observed reduced proportions of peripheral CD3/CD4, CD4/CD62L, FOXP3 and CD21 populations from -10 to 40 days relative to calving associated with metritis, while the proportion of peripheral CD3/CD4 lymphocytes were specifically reduced in the prepartum period before the onset of metritis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from cows with metritis had a perturbed capacity to secrete IL-1β or IFNγ in response to in vitro stimulus; cells collected during the prepartum period from cows that would go on to develop metritis failed to increase IL-1β secretion in response to stimulation, while IFNγ secretion was altered at calving and postpartum in cows with metritis compared to healthy herd mates. No effect of metritis was observed in the capacity of cows to mount a humoral immune response to antigen administered on the day of calving. The studies discussed here suggest that while minor changes to the prepartum immune system are observed in cows that develop metritis, changes observed in the postpartum period are more prevalent and likely a consequences of disease and not causative. Future studies to modulate the prepartum immune system may help to limit postpartum metritis.

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“…Increased size of the uterus can be considered as swelling due to inflammation (Kauffold et al., ). Thus, it may cause, as in other species, that is in beef heifer and dairy cows (Heppelmann et al., ; Savc, Kenny, & Beltman, ), prolonged uterine involution and thereby interfere with subsequent fertility.…”

Section: Effect Of Farrowing Duration and Pds On Sow Fertilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Parturition effects on reproductive health in the gilt and sow

Peltoniemi

Björkman

Oliviero

2016

Reprod Domestic Animals

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connection to post-partum reproductive health and fertility. We discuss the normal physiology and behaviour around parturition and the effect of the second phase (expulsion of foetuses) on the third phase of parturition (expulsion of foetal membranes). In addition, we intend to cover retained placenta, and the connection to postpartum uterine health and fertility in the contemporary prolific sow. We also explore factors that support successful parturition or can cause potential problems. Successful parturition in the pig includes the possibility to express adequate maternal behaviour, rapid expulsion of the piglets, complete expulsion of the placenta, neonatal activity and colostrum intake. Abnormal incidents during any phase of parturition can cause subsequent problems. Duration of the expulsion phase of foetuses can be used as a simple measure of whether parturition is considered successful. Prolonged parturition can impair health of the sow and piglet and fertility after weaning. New insights, such as adding more fibre to sow diets during pregnancy, and especially during the period prior to farrowing, may prevent constipation, increase water intake of the sow around parturition and increase milk intake and performance of piglets. Maternal characteristics, including maternal behaviour, ease of parturition, colostrum production and piglet quality parameters, may be utilized to improve success rate of reproductive management during farrowing and early lactation. Additionally, we share some of the recent developments in methods, including ultrasonography in evaluation of post-partum uterine health. In conclusion, successful farrowing is of the greatest importance for reproductive health of the sow and survival of the piglets. We suggest connections exist among prolonged farrowing and yield of colostrum, retained placenta, development of PDS, and impaired involution of the uterus and reduced subsequent fertility.

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The effect of metritis and subclinical hypocalcemia on uterine involution in dairy cows evaluated by sonomicrometry

Cited by 29 publications

References 29 publications

Evaluation of Prolonged Endometrial Inflammation Associated with the Periparturient Metabolic State in Dairy Cows

Evaluation of Prolonged Endometrial Inflammation Associated with the Periparturient Metabolic State in Dairy Cows

Characterisation of peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations in periparturient dairy cows that develop metritis

Parturition effects on reproductive health in the gilt and sow

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