The effect of micro-nano TKX-50 particle gradation on the properties of TNT based castable explosives

Zong, Huzeng; Xiao, Lei; Hao, Yanjun; Gao, Xiangdong; Wang, Wang; Yang, Yanpeng; Liu, Qiaoe; Hao, Gazi; Jiang, Wei

doi:10.1080/07370652.2021.1984613

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…148 In the argon environment (Figure 47b), the combustion time of more than 1600 is only doubled, and there is a significant decline, so it shows that the intense combustion of aluminum powder in the air can increase the power of the explosives. Jiang et al 149 prepared TNT/TKX-50 melt cast explosive using TNT as the carrier and TKX-50 as the high-energy component. The effect of TKX-50 particles on the performance of castable explosives was studied by adjusting the mass ratio of TKX-50 particles to nanoparticles.…”

Section: Application Of Tkx-50 In Melt Castingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jiang et al prepared TNT/TKX-50 melt cast explosive using TNT as the carrier and TKX-50 as the high-energy component. The effect of TKX-50 particles on the performance of castable explosives was studied by adjusting the mass ratio of TKX-50 particles to nanoparticles.…”

Section: Application Of Tkx-50 In Energetic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DSC curves of the four formulations at different heating rates . (Reprinted with permission from ref , 2021 Taylor & Francis. )…”

Section: Application Of Tkx-50 In Energetic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Overview on Synthesis, Explosion, Catalysis, Modification, and Application of Dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-Bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50)

Liu,

Chen,

Yang

et al. 2024

Chem. Mater.

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Dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) is a new type of nitrogen-rich ionic salt in the field of energetic materials (EMs), which has beneficial application prospects in military, aerospace, and civilian blasting fields. TKX-50 has the characteristics of easy synthesis, high energy, low sensitivity and toxicity, and good comprehensive performance and is expected to replace the traditional EMs. However, in recent years, although the physicochemical properties and application of TKX-50 have been increasing, there are no relevant comprehensive in-depth reports to discuss the existing problems and countermeasures of TKX-50. Based on the current research progress of TKX-50, this review gives a detailed overview of the synthesis, chemical and physical properties, explosive performance, safety performance, thermal decomposition behavior, catalytic modification, composite modification, and applications of TKX-50. Moreover, we summarize the application advantages and existing problems of TKX-50 and provide a prospective on the development direction and research focus in the future.

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Section: Application Of Tkx-50 In Melt Castingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Application Of Tkx-50 In Energetic Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Overview on Synthesis, Explosion, Catalysis, Modification, and Application of Dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-Bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50)

Liu,

Chen,

Yang

et al. 2024

Chem. Mater.

Self Cite

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“…The melting and casting method, one of the mainstream charging processes, is characterized by low preparation cost, high charge density, low molding difficulty, and high automation level. The method is widely used in the production of medium and large-caliber shells. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equal-Material Manufacturing of a Thermoplastic Melt-Cast Explosive Using Thermal-Pressure Coupling Solidification Treatment Technology

Wang

Xiao

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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To eliminate internal defects of grains developed during melt-cast charging, the formation mechanism and the trend of crystal morphology of internal defects of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and 2,4-dinitroanisole-based melt-cast explosives under different process conditions were simulated. The effects of solidification treatment on melt-cast explosive molding quality were investigated by combining pressurized feeding, head insulation, and water bath cooling. The single pressurized treatment technology results showed that grains were exposed to layer-by-layer solidification from outside to inside, resulting in V-shaped shrink areas of the contract cavity in the core. The defect area was proportional to the treatment temperature. However, the combination of treatment technologies, such as head insulation and water bath cooling, promoted longitudinal gradient solidification of the explosive and controllable migration of its internal defects. Moreover, the combined treatment technologies effectively improved the heat transfer efficiency of the explosive with the help of a water bath to reduce the solidification time, thus achieving highly efficient equal-material manufacturing of microdefect or zero-defect grains.

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“…Nano-scale crystal defects extremely affect the security and reliability of explosive charges of weapons [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. On the one hand, defects play a key role in the initiation of explosives resulting from mechanical stimuli, such as shock loading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Nano-Scale Parallel Lamellar Defects in RDX and HMX Single Crystals by Two-Dimension Small Angle X-ray Scattering

Zhang

et al. 2022

Molecules

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Nano-scale crystal defects extremely affect the security and reliability of explosive charges of weapons. In this work, the nano-scale crystal defects of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX) and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) single crystals were characterized by two-dimension SAXS. Deducing from the changes of SAXS pattern with sample stage rotating, we firstly found the parallel lamellar nano-scale defects in both RDX and HMX single crystals. Further analysis shows that the average diameter and thickness of nano-scale lamellar defects for RDX single crystal are 66.4 nm and 19.3 nm, respectively. The results of X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicate that the lamellar nano-scale defects distribute along the (001) in RDX and the (011) in HMX, which are verified to be the crystal planes with the lowest binding energy by the theoretical calculation.

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The effect of micro-nano TKX-50 particle gradation on the properties of TNT based castable explosives

Cited by 8 publications

References 47 publications

An Overview on Synthesis, Explosion, Catalysis, Modification, and Application of Dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-Bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50)

An Overview on Synthesis, Explosion, Catalysis, Modification, and Application of Dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-Bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50)

Equal-Material Manufacturing of a Thermoplastic Melt-Cast Explosive Using Thermal-Pressure Coupling Solidification Treatment Technology

Characterization of Nano-Scale Parallel Lamellar Defects in RDX and HMX Single Crystals by Two-Dimension Small Angle X-ray Scattering

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