The Effect of Migration on Family in Nepal: A Review on the Family Structure, Livelihood, Education, Aging Parents, Reproductive Health and Marital Relationship

Raj, Dipak; Dangal, Megh Raj

doi:10.32591/coas.ojas.0502.02049r

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…While earning from migration allows families to continue their children's education, there is also absenteeism and poor performance in the classroom. Rai and Dangal (2022) also mention that the majority of students who migrate for seasonal work drop out because they missed the school admission time, and some are more concerned with earning money than studying.…”

Section: "Many Students Who Migrate To Work Seasonally or Miss Class ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the study also revealed that children must spend time on household chores and fill labor gaps by dropping out of school (Rai & Dangal, 2021). The effects of migration on childcare are conflicting because remittances and material support may contribute to improving access to better child health care as these families are better resourced for health, nutritional and educational indicators, but children from non-migrant families receive care from both parents (Rai & Dangal, 2021;Zhou et al, 2015). According to Islam et al (2019), remittances from parental migration give families more purchasing power for food and health care, which may aid in child nutritional development but harm psychological development because parents do not provide direct care to their children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The positive effect of remittances received from migrants is that families can invest in their children's education. However, the study also revealed that children must spend time on household chores and fill labor gaps by dropping out of school (Rai & Dangal, 2021). The effects of migration on childcare are conflicting because remittances and material support may contribute to improving access to better child health care as these families are better resourced for health, nutritional and educational indicators, but children from non-migrant families receive care from both parents (Rai & Dangal, 2021;Zhou et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Parental Seasonal Labor Migration on Children’s Care and Educational Performance in Rural Nepal

Dangal¹,

Raj²

2023

OJSS

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This article focuses on the effect of parental migration on the care and educational performance of left-behind children of migrant families. This ethnographic study was conducted among the Kham people in Kankri, Rukum East district of the western mid-hill region of rural Nepal. Information was collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and living in the community in their setting. Income from parental labor migration provided families with food, clothing, access to basic health services, and investment in their children’s education. Left-behind children lacked parental care with proper guidance and emotional support, so they started taking alcohol, Charash (marijuana resin), and showing violent behavior. Children from migrant households have school absences and poorer educational performance as they are required to help with household work and lack guided learning at home. Children lose interest in studying, and those who miss upper-class admission because of seasonal migration drop out of school and join the migration. Parents select private or government schools for their children depending on remittance, quality of education, network availability, and future opportunities. Parents who had hardships during their migration are determined to educate their children in school, but they do not provide equal educational opportunities for boys and girls. Seasonal migrant workers anticipate that their children will engage in seasonal work during school breaks so that they can contribute to their schooling costs.

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Section: "Many Students Who Migrate To Work Seasonally or Miss Class ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Parental Seasonal Labor Migration on Children’s Care and Educational Performance in Rural Nepal

Dangal¹,

Raj²

2023

OJSS

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“…The prevalent reasons for rural-to-urban migration in Nepal are poverty, unemployment, the harsh effects of climate change, conflict, insecurity, political instability, marital issues, the expectations of young people, disasters, and the search for job opportunities in cities and industrial areas to seek a better quality of life (Jaquet et al, 2016;Thapa et al, 2019;Schwilch et al, 2017;Rai & Dangal, 2021). Likewise, the top five predominant reasons for rural to urban migration of Sampang Rais were mentioned children's education, personal education (self), job opportunities, experiencing new places/city life and health treatment.…”

Section: Destination and Reason For Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-economic Adjustment of Rural Migrants in an Urban Setting: A Study of Sampang Rai Migrants in Kathmandu, Nepal

Raj

Kumar²,

Rai³

2023

Shanti J.

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This article explores the socio-economic adjustment of rural migrants in the cities of Kathmandu Valley. This study was conducted among Sampang Rai migrants and utilizes the network theory of migration. Information was gathered through questionnaire using KoBoToolbox, in-depth interviews, and observation in the study areas. Sampang Rais migrate to the Kathmandu Valley to get an education, find better work, experience city life, help their families, get medical treatment, and learn new skills. The already established and available networks facilitate the selection of migration destinations and socio-economic adjustment in Kathmandu Valley. Friends, families, earlier migrants, and institutions assisted migrants to adjust socially and economically in the destination areas by providing information, physical resources, material resources, and sociocultural support. Sampang Rai migrants also made efforts to diversify their livelihood, keep strong connections with friends and families, join religious communities, learn new skills, exchange labour and encourage one another while they go through the process of socio-economic adjustment.

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“…The first gap is as most studies have failed to emphasize critical dimensions of marital intimacy. Few studies have highlighted marital relationships in Nepali marriages, such as Compernolle (2021), Rai and Dangal (2021), Van 't Noordende et al (2016), andMcGhee et al (2021). Still, the focus is limited to sexual and reproductive health and marital relationship, intimate partner violence (IPV) and marital relationship, and husband's labor migration and marital relationships.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Lived Experiences of Marital Intimacy among Nepali Married Couples: A Transcendental Phenomenological Approach

2023

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There is a widespread agreement in the literature that marital intimacy is positively associated with relationship satisfaction. A growing body of literature on marriage and family has focused increasingly on sexual and emotional intimacy. However, little is known about other facets of intimacy. Hence, the objective focuses on exploring married couples' lived experiences of various facets of marital intimacy. The present study is informed by a transcendental phenomenological qualitative approach to analyse data from the semi-structured interviews and generate the overarching themes. Criterion-based purposive sampling of 28 females and males (i.e., fourteen intimate couples) from Pokhara participated in the present study. The thematic analysis demonstrated five significant themes that couples attached to the facets of intimacy such as emotional intimacy (feeling of closeness); social intimacy (social bonding); sexual intimacy (physical and non-physical); intellectual intimacy (enriching each other’s mind) and recreational intimacy (bonding through activities of fun and enjoyment). The results demonstrated that various facets of intimacy are experienced positively in married Nepali couples. This study contributes to the body of current literature by examining married couples' actual intimate experiences and within the context of Bowen's family system theory, which supports the study's findings. The study results have practical implications for marital therapists, counsellors and clinicians. Limitations of the study have been discussed, which are potential future research areas.

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The Effect of Migration on Family in Nepal: A Review on the Family Structure, Livelihood, Education, Aging Parents, Reproductive Health and Marital Relationship

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Effect of Parental Seasonal Labor Migration on Children’s Care and Educational Performance in Rural Nepal

Effect of Parental Seasonal Labor Migration on Children’s Care and Educational Performance in Rural Nepal

Socio-economic Adjustment of Rural Migrants in an Urban Setting: A Study of Sampang Rai Migrants in Kathmandu, Nepal

Exploring the Lived Experiences of Marital Intimacy among Nepali Married Couples: A Transcendental Phenomenological Approach

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