The Effect of Milk or its Combination with Tea and 0.2% NaF on Dental Enamel Demineralization Analyzed by Micro Computed Tomography

Abstract

Fluoride and calcium play an important role in the prevention of dental caries, promoting the inhibition of demineralization and the increase of remineralization. Objective: To investigate the effects of milk with/without the combination of tea and 0.2% NaF on enamel demineralization using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Methods: The coronal parts of 40 extracted sound premolars were prepared as tooth blocks. An unvarnished occlusal surface window was created for each tooth by covering the occlusal surface with a 3x5 mm 2 sticker and painting all other surfaces with an acid-resistant varnish. These blocks were randomly allocated into four groups that were immersed in remineralizing solutions for 26 minutes: Group A, milk; Group B, milk and tea; Group C, milk and 0.2% NaF; and Group D, deionized water (control). Results: After 3 days of immersion in a buffered demineralization solution at pH 4.4, micro-CT scans were taken. The mean grayscale values and the standard deviations are: 98.1 ± 24.0; 90.8 ± 9.1; 92.6 ± 21.4; 81.1 ± 20.3, respectively. The mean grayscale values were significantly different among the four groups (p<0.05), except between groups A and B and between groups A and C. Conclusion: Topical application with milk alone showed a higher protective effect against demineralization compared to the synergic application of milk and tea and milk and 0.2% NaF. ABSTRAKEfek susu, kombinasinya dengan teh, dan NaF 0,2% terhadap demineralisasi email gigi: analisis microcomputed tomography. Fluor dan kalsium berperan penting dalam pencegahan karies gigi, karena dapat menghambat demineralisasi dan meningkatkan remineralisasi Tujuan: Menganalisis efek dari susu sendiri dan kombinasi dengan teh, dan NaF 0,2% pada demineralisasi email gigi menggunakan micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Metode: Pada bagian koronal 40 gigi premolar manusia yang telah diekstraksi, dibuatkan region of interest. Permukaan oklusal tiap gigi tersebut ditutupi stiker 3x5 mm 2 dan semua permukaan lainnya ditutupi dengan pernis tahan asam. Gigi-gigi yang telah dipersiapkan ini secara acak dan dialokasikan ke dalam empat kelompok yang direndam dalam larutan remineralisasi selama 26 menit, yakni: Grup A, susu; Grup B, susu dan teh; Grup C, susu dan NaF 0,2%; dan Grup D, deionized air (kontrol). Hasil: Setelah 3 hari perendaman dalam larutan buffer pada pH 4,4, dilakukan pemindaian dengan micro-CT. Nilai rata-rata grayscale dan standar deviasi secara berurutan: 98,1 ± 24,0; 90,8 ± 9,1; 92,6 ± 21,4; 81,1 ± 20,3. Nilai rata-rata grayscale yang berbeda bermakna secara signifikan antara empat kelompok tersebut (p<0,05), kecuali antara kelompok A dan B dan antara kelompok A dan C. Simpulan: Topikal aplikasi dengan susu saja menunjukkan efek perlindungan yang lebih tinggi terhadap demineralisasi dibandingkan dengan aplikasi sinergis susu dengan teh dan, susu dengan, 0,2% NaF.

The effect of pasteurized milk and pure soy milk on enamel remineralization

“…Calcium and phosphor were the main mineral contained in soy milk and has an essential role in tooth and bone remineralization process. 12,13 In previous research conducted by Widyaningtyas 12 discovered a decreasing of enamel micropores depth in the teeth im-mersed with pure soy milk compared to artificial saliva as media for 8 hours in 14 days. High concentrated calcium and phos-phate, and low viscosity of soy milk accelerate precipitation of mineral calcium and phosphate thus lead to the enamel mi-croporosity closure happened and increased remineralization potential.…”

“…Gunn and Woodward 3 reported a higher effectivity of pasteurized milk in enamel dissolution prevention than breast milk in vitro. Rahardjo et al 13 showed a higher protective effect against demineralization in the topical application of milk than a combined form of milk-tea and 0.2% milk-NaF. 13 Calcium, phosphate, and casein in milk inhibited demineralization and enhanced tooth remineralization.…”

“…Rahardjo et al 13 showed a higher protective effect against demineralization in the topical application of milk than a combined form of milk-tea and 0.2% milk-NaF. 13 Calcium, phosphate, and casein in milk inhibited demineralization and enhanced tooth remineralization. Casein derivates, such as casein phosphopeptide (CPP) is an alternative remineralizing agent due to its ability to stabilize the calcium and phosphate in the amorphous noncrystalline state, also known as amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP).…”

Pengaruh Susu Sapi dan Protein Whey Terhadap Kekerasan Email Gigi Setelah Demineralisasi

“…membuktikan bahwa aplikasi topikal menggunakan susu memiliki efek perlindungan paling baik terhadap demineralisasi dibandingkan dengan aplikasi kombinasi susu-teh dan susu dengan 0,2% NaF. 6 Protein pada susu mempunyai komponen 80% kasein dan 20% whey. Kasein umumnya digunakan untuk pembuatan keju, sedangkan whey merupakan hasil sampingan dari pembuatan keju.…”

“…Fluor dan kalsium yang terkandung di dalam susu memiliki peran yang penting dalam mencegah karies gigi, dengan membatasi demineralisasi dan meningkatkan remineralisasi. 6 Protein whey sebagai hasil sampingan dalam pembuatan keju, merupakan suatu jajaran pecahan protein yang ditemukan dalam susu. 5,12 Salah satu protein utama dalam protein whey adalah glikomakropeptida.…”