Abstract. Since Bloom's initial work on competencies in 1956, various competency systems have been designed and used to assess students' competencies. Different pedagogical researchers and stakeholders prefer different systems. We have been collaborating with them. Such systems are essential for the adaptation by adaptive intelligent tutoring systems. Now, this paper presents how ActiveMath integrates several competency systems to bridge the gap between different competency systems and thereby facilitating the reuse of learning objects across system boundaries. The combination of competency-related data is achieved by mapping a new competency system to the internal one.Keywords: Competency System, Student Model, Course Generation
The Need for Flexible Support of CompetenciesIn our long-term experience with metadata in eLearning and Intelligent Tutoring with ActiveMath [11], required competencies and difficulties of exercises turned out to be important not only for technical reasons but also in the interdisciplinary work with pedagogists.Pedagogists (and psychologists) have been looking for and using a classification system at least since 1956 [3]. The psychology-driven approaches in [5,1] and [2] are examples for later approaches most of which are empirically driven.The large PISA-studies needed a common classification for students' skills or competencies in order to compare student results across schools, regions, and countries. It seems that, similar to Bloom's taxonomy, teachers (and hence authors) could understand and apply the PISA competencies and even levels. 4 This seems to be more difficult for the more complex taxonomy in [2].Systems for Technology-Enhanced Learning (TEL) need a classification of competencies to automatically react to student actions at the micro-level (e.g. with feedback) and at the macro-level (e.g. with learning objects' (LOs) sequencing), and to build a student model by processing these reactions. Such a classification needs to be reusable, as reproducible as possible, and coherent in order to enable reuse of LOs. In concrete domains it should reflect an optimal granularity to support instructional effectiveness [16] and it should be based on a cognitive task analysis.