The Effect of Modern Additive Technology on Diesel Fuel Performance

Gairing, Max; Marriott, Joseph; Reders, Klaus; Reglitzky, A. A.; Wolveridge, P. E.

doi:10.4271/950252

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The term fuel additive generally refers to any substance added to the fuel capable of altering the fuel's physical and chemical properties [4]. Numerous studies have been carried out on the impact of different kinds of additives on diesel injector flow, spray and soot formation [5]. The species utilized as additives range from water to various metal-based substances, detergents as well as lubricants [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Oxygenated Additives on Soot Properties during Diesel Combustion

et al. 2020

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Emissions from diesel engines can be limited and potentially decreased by modifying the fuel chemical composition through additive insertion. One class of additives that have shown to be particularly efficient in the reduction of the particulates from the combustion of diesel fuels are oxygenated compounds. In the present study we investigate the effect of tripropylene glycol methyl ether (TPGME) and two polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (POMDME or OMEs) on soot formation in a laminar diesel diffusion flame. From the evaluation of soot volume fraction by laser-induced incandescence (LII) measurements we could observe that OME additives have a substantial capability (higher compared to TPGME) to decrease the particle concentration, which drops by up to 36% with respect to the pure diesel fuel. We also note a reduction in particle aggregate size, determined by wide-angle light scattering (WALS) measurements, which is more pronounced in the case of OME–diesel blends. The effects we observe can be correlated to the higher amount of oxygen content in the OME molecules. Moreover, both additives investigated seem to have almost no impact on the local soot temperature which could in turn play a key role in the production of soot particles.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Oxygenated Additives on Soot Properties during Diesel Combustion

et al. 2020

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“…Substantial prior research concludes that EHN addition does not increase NO x emissions but in many cases actually decreases it. 18,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] However, these studies were carried out with conventional diesel combustion. Relative to the high levels of NO x produced by conventional diesel combustion, the amount of NO x resulting from EHN decomposition would be insignificant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of 2-Ethylhexyl Nitrate Cetane Improver on NO_xEmissions from Premixed Low-Temperature Diesel Combustion

Ickes¹,

Bohac²,

Assanis³

2009

Energy Fuels

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Production implementation of premixed low-temperature diesel combustion (LTC) is highly attractive because it can lead to low engine-out particulate matter (PM) and NO x emissions. It is important for LTC strategies to yield acceptable emissions while consuming commercially available fuel, whose properties vary substantially and which contains various additives. The chemical reactions of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (2-EHN), an additive used to increase the cetane number of a diesel fuel, show potential to increase the NO x emissions of a diesel engine. While 2-EHN has been widely shown to not affect the emissions of conventional diesel combustion, few results are available for LTC, which features different combustion characteristics and significantly lower NO x emissions. This paper demonstrates the effect of using a fuel doped with 2-EHN cetane improver in a direct-injection, diesel-fueled LTC operating mode. Testing was conducted at a light-load condition on a modern single-cylinder engine, fueled with two sets of test fuels at matching cetane numbers (47 and 53), with some test fuels using 2-EHN cetane improver. The addition of 2-EHN to the fuel increases the engine-out NO x for the tested LTC operating condition. Decomposition of the nitrate cetane improver forms NO and NO 2 in significant quantities relative to the low engine-out NO x emissions from LTC.

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“…The cetane number of the diesel fuel is a rating of the ability of the fuel to autoignite in the combustion chamber of a diesel engine. Low cetane numbers (which correspond to long ignition delays) are exhibited by low quality diesel fuels, while high cetane numbers (short ignition delays) are characteristic of high quality diesel fuels. , The use of fuels of high cetane number results in better engine performance, lower emissions, − enhanced cold start performance, , and reduced idle noise. , The use of additives known as cetane improvers is a cost-effective way to increase the cetane number of diesel fuels …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High fuel cetane number has been correlated with low emissions of pollutants from diesel engines. − Studies conducted under a wide variety of conditions (with various engines, fuels, and test cycles) have consistently demonstrated reductions in gaseous hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxide emissions with increasing fuel cetane number. Reductions in particulate emissions have sometimes been observed as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Combustion Additives: A Study of Their Thermal Stabilities and Decomposition Pathways

Oxley¹,

Smith²,

Rogers³

et al. 2000

Energy Fuels

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether a relationship exists between thermal stabilities of selected fuel additives and their effectiveness as diesel fuel cetane improvers. The additives were 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, isopropyl nitrate, tetraethylene glycol dinitrate, di(tert-butyl) peroxide, and methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl. Rate constants and activation parameters were determined for the thermolysis of the neat additives as well as the additives dissolved in various solvents and fuels. In all cases, decomposition kinetics were first-order. Mass spectral analysis was used to identify products from the thermal decomposition of the additives in various solutions. Thermal stability, as measured by the kinetics of decomposition, was not an accurate predictor of the effectiveness of the additives as cetane improvers. The effectiveness of a given additive appeared to correlate to the degree of molecular fragmentation rather than to thermal stability.

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The Effect of Modern Additive Technology on Diesel Fuel Performance

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Impact of Oxygenated Additives on Soot Properties during Diesel Combustion

Impact of Oxygenated Additives on Soot Properties during Diesel Combustion

Effect of 2-Ethylhexyl Nitrate Cetane Improver on NO_xEmissions from Premixed Low-Temperature Diesel Combustion

Fuel Combustion Additives: A Study of Their Thermal Stabilities and Decomposition Pathways

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The Effect of Modern Additive Technology on Diesel Fuel Performance

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Impact of Oxygenated Additives on Soot Properties during Diesel Combustion

Impact of Oxygenated Additives on Soot Properties during Diesel Combustion

Effect of 2-Ethylhexyl Nitrate Cetane Improver on NOxEmissions from Premixed Low-Temperature Diesel Combustion

Fuel Combustion Additives: A Study of Their Thermal Stabilities and Decomposition Pathways

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Effect of 2-Ethylhexyl Nitrate Cetane Improver on NO_xEmissions from Premixed Low-Temperature Diesel Combustion