The Effect of Moisture on the Flowability of Pharmaceutical Excipients

Crouter, Allison; Briens, Lauren

doi:10.1208/s12249-013-0036-0

Cited by 171 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These value was nearly equal to compressibility of the material with an addition of the lubricant, where the amount of magnesium stearate added did not influence the result. Similar investigations were performed by Crouter and Briens (2014). Authors stated that flowability determined by Carr indexes decreased with increasing moisture content, once critical point f monolayer water coverage was reached, due to an increase in cohesion from stronger interparticle liquid bridges.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Mechanical properties of potato starch modified by moisture content and addition of lubricant

Stasiak¹,

Molenda²,

Horabik³

et al. 2014

International Agrophysics

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A b s t r a c t. Laboratory testing was conducted to deliver a set of characteristics of structure and mechanical properties of pure starch and starch with an addition of a lubricant -magnesium stearate. Considerable influence of moisture content of potato starch was found in the case of density, parameters of internal friction, coefficients of wall friction and flowability. Elasticity was found to be strongly influenced by water content of the material. Addition of magnesium stearate affected density and parameters of flowability, internal friction and elasticity. Bulk density increased from 604 to 774 kg m -3 with decrease in moisture content of potato starch from 17 to for 6%. Addition of magnesium stearate resulted in approximately 10% decrease in bulk density. Angle of internal friction obtained for 10 kPa of consolidation stress decreased from 33 to 24º with increase in moisture content, and to approximately 22º with addition of the lubricant. With an increase of moisture content from 6 to 18% and with addition of the lubricant, the modulus of elasticity during loading decreased from approximately 1.0 to 0.1 MPa. Modulus of elasticity during unloading was found in the range from 19 to 42 MPa and increased with increase of moisture content and amount of lubricant.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 60%

Mechanical properties of potato starch modified by moisture content and addition of lubricant

Stasiak¹,

Molenda²,

Horabik³

et al. 2014

International Agrophysics

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“…As addition of magnesium stearate was found to be responsible for tablets being less durable, it might be hypothesized that hydrophobic character of this excipient disrupts some hydrophilic interactions between particles in the tablet mass (Hersen-Delesalle et al 2007). It conforms very well with one of the theories of tablets formation, where residual and/or crystalline water present in the bulk material of tablet mass during compression is relocated and causes re-crystallization of the material in-between particles thus creating inter-particles bonds contributing to the strength of the resulting tablets (Crouter and Briens 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Transparent computational intelligence models for pharmaceutical tableting process

Khalid

Tuszyński

Kazemi

et al. 2016

Complex Adapt Syst Model

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Purpose Pharmaceutical industry is tightly regulated owing to health concerns. Over the years, the use of computational intelligence (CI) tools has increased in pharmaceutical research and development, manufacturing, and quality control. Quality characteristics of tablets like tensile strength are important indicators of expected tablet performance. Predictive, yet transparent, CI models which can be analysed for insights into the formulation and development process. Methods This work uses data from a galenical tableting study and computational intelligence methods like decision trees, random forests, fuzzy systems, artificial neural networks, and symbolic regression to establish models for the outcome of tensile strength. Data was divided in training and test fold according to ten fold cross validation scheme and RMSE was used as an evaluation metric. Tree based ensembles and symbolic regression methods are presented as transparent models with extracted rules and mathematical formula, respectively, explaining the CI models in greater detail. Results CI models for tensile strength of tablets based on the formulation design and process parameters have been established. Best models exhibit normalized RMSE of 7 %. Rules from fuzzy systems and random forests are shown to increase transparency of CI models. A mathematical formula generated by symbolic regression is presented as a transparent model. Conclusions CI models explain the variation of tensile strength according to formulation and manufacturing process characteristics. CI models can be further analyzed to extract actionable knowledge making the artificial learning process more transparent and acceptable for use in pharmaceutical quality and safety domains.

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“…Furthermore, SCMC was considered to have very poor flow because its HR was between Scale 1.46 to Scale 1.59 and its CI was between 32% to 37%. As previously mentioned, a higher moisture content will affect the flowability of the CMC powders (Crouter and Briens 2014).…”

Section: Physicochemical Properties Of Synthesized Na-cmcmentioning

confidence: 92%

Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Stalk Fibres

et al. 2017

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The current extraction of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) from wood has created competition with wood industries. Interest in alternative sources is critical to ensure the sustainable production of CMC. Therefore, the extraction of CMC from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) stalk fibres was evaluated. CMC extracted from OPEFB stalk fibres was characterized for chemical composition as well as by spectroscopic, microscopic, physicochemical, and rheological tests. Highest cellulose content was obtained from raw stalk fibres with the least amount of lignin and residual oil as compared to the empty fruit bunch (EFB) and spikelet. The XRD analysis revealed that the native cellulose was transformed into an amorphous phase, as evidenced from the characteristic peaks that had almost disappeared. Likewise, the FTIR analysis showed that major peaks in the lignin and hemicellulose were absent, which enabled the cellulose to be converted to CMC. Microscopy analysis showed notable changes in the fibres' morphology throughout the extraction process. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), physicochemical studies, and rheological tests on extracted CMC showed that there was a significant difference between each phase of the extraction process and this showed that OPEFB stalk fibre was feasible to produce CMC that was comparable to those of commercial CMC. Keywords: Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC); Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB); Stalk fibreContact information: Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; * Corresponding author: nuraliaa@upm.edu.my INTRODUCTIONPalm oil mills produce a few types of solid wastes, one of which is called oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB). During the threshing process, the fresh fruit bunches (FFB) are rolled and threshed in rotating steel drums to separate the fruits from the stalks, and this process generates the empty fruit bunches (EFB). Attempts to transform OPEFB into valueadded products have gained wide attention because it is one of the most produced biomasses that come from oil palm refineries. The lignocellulosic composition in the dry OPEFB was 19% to 21% for lignin, 22% to 25% for hemicellulose, and 40% to 43% for cellulose (Razali et al. 2017).The two main parts of OPEFB are the stalk and spikelet, where Xiang et al. (2016) reported that the raw stalk fibre yielded the highest cellulose content and had the lowest lignin content. Likewise, the raw stalk fibre contains the lowest residual oil content when compared to the EFB and spikelets (Yunos et al. 2015;Xiang et al. 2016). The supplemental pre-treatment step during the extraction of cellulose and its derivatives is PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE bioresources.com Parid et al. (2018). "Synthesis of CMC," BioResources 13(1), 535-554. 536 required to remove the residual oil present in oil palm fibres because it can influence the cellulose derivatives production (Fahma et al. 2010). Fu...

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The Effect of Moisture on the Flowability of Pharmaceutical Excipients

Cited by 171 publications

References 28 publications

Mechanical properties of potato starch modified by moisture content and addition of lubricant

Mechanical properties of potato starch modified by moisture content and addition of lubricant

Transparent computational intelligence models for pharmaceutical tableting process

Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Stalk Fibres

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