The effect of monensin on gametogenesis and zoosporogenesis in the aquatic fungus,Allomyces macrogynus

Sewall, Tommy C.; Olson, Lauritz W.; Lange, Lene; Pommerville, Jeffrey C.

doi:10.1007/bf01304628

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Moreover, the complexity of the cleavage element network during mid to late stages of zoospore formation has contributed to the difficulty in fully documenting the events of cytokinesis in zoosporangia of this fungus. TEM has provided important insights into membrane development (Moore, 1968; Barron & Hill, 1974; Sewall et al ., 1986), but the static nature of the observations has failed to fully reflect the dynamic events of membrane development. In addition, reliable interpretations of events are limited owing to the fragility of membrane structure and the possible introduction of artefacts in samples that are prepared using traditional chemical fixation methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies of cleavage membrane development in Allomyces zoosporangia have been conducted using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (e.g. Ritchie, 1947; Moore, 1968; Barron & Hill, 1974; Sewall et al ., 1986). Despite these investigations, our understanding of cytokinesis in zoosporangia of Allomyces remains incomplete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytoplasmic cleavage in living zoosporangia of Allomyces macrogynus

Fisher

Lowry

Roberson

2000

Journal of Microscopy

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We have used the vital fluorescent dye, FM4-64, as a marker of membrane development during zoospore formation in living zoosporangia of Allomyces macrogynus. Membrane development was visualized and documented using standard epifluorescence and laser scanning confocal microscopy. Video-enhanced light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, using cryopreparation methods, were also employed in this study. In the first 10-12 min after the induction of zoospore formation, only the plasma membrane labelled with FM4-64. During this time, nuclei were strictly located in the cortical cytoplasm with their associated centrosomes positioned immediately adjacent to the plasma membrane (Lowry & Roberson, 1997). Between 12 and 20 min post-induction, increased fluorescence appeared along regions of the plasma membrane adjacent to the nuclei. From these sites, membranes (i.e. cleavage elements) extended laterally within the cortex and then, in conjunction with nuclear migration, rapidly elongated into the sporangial cytoplasm. By 25-35 min post-induction, cleavage elements had ramified throughout the cytoplasm forming a complex, interconnected membranous network. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that cleavage elements were paired membrane sheets with a lumen consisting of an electron opaque, granular matrix. Cleavage elements developed into a highly ordered network by 35-40 min post-induction, which fully delimited zoospore initials into polyhedral-shaped cells. Zoospore discharge occurred between 40 and 50 min post-induction. Our results have shown that cleavage elements undergo four stages of development during zoospore formation in A. macrogynus: (i) development of membrane initials, (ii) cortical extension, (iii) cytoplasmic elongation and ramification and (iv) zoospore initial delimitation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytoplasmic cleavage in living zoosporangia of Allomyces macrogynus

Fisher

Lowry

Roberson

2000

Journal of Microscopy

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“…At lower concentration (1µg/ml), it acts as fungistatic and at higher concentration (16µg/ml) as fungicidal [30]. Monensin interfered with gametes and zoospore formation in aquatic fungus Allomycesmacrogynusby disrupting the function of Golgi cisternae which plays critical role in gametogenesis and zoosporogenesis [31]. The growth of fungi (Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotiumrolfsii) was inhibited by monensin through perturbation of the exopolysaccharide secretion and vesicular trafficking [32].…”

Section: Monensin As An Antifungal Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemotherapeutic Potential of Monensin as an Anti-microbial Agent

Rajendran

Ilamathi

Dutt

et al. 2019

CTMC

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Monensin is a lipid-soluble naturally occurring bioactive ionophore produced by Streptomyces spp. Its antimicrobial activity is mediated by its ability to exchange Na + and K + ions across the cell membrane thereby disrupting ionic gradients and altering cellular physiology. It is approved by Food and Drug Administration as a veterinary antibiotic to treat coccidiosis. Besides veterinary applications, monensin exhibits a broad spectrum activity against opportunistic pathogens of humans such as bacteria, virus, fungi and parasites in both drug sensitive and resistant strains. This ionophore can selectively kill pathogens with negligible toxic effect on mammalian cells. In this review, we discuss the therapeutic potential of monensin as a new broad-spectrum anti-microbial agent that warrants further studies for clinical use.

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“…The studies published on the effects of antifungal substances on zoosporic fungi have focused primarily on plant and animal pathogens and rumen fungi with only a few exceptions such as the study by Matsumae & Cantino (1971) on antibiotics, the study by HeldtHansen et al (1983) on respiration, the study by Vincent & Powell (1988) on pigmentation and the studies by Sewall et al (1986) and Nguyen et al (1993) on gametogenesis. The studies with plant pathogens were conducted to explore the potential uses of fungicides to control plant diseases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Most of the research in this field has involved higher fungi, particularly pathogens and only occasionally has included zoosporic fungi. For example, cytochalasins, monensin and unsaturated carbonyl compounds have been used in developmental studies with Allomyces macrogynus and A. arbuscula (Sewall et al, 1986;Larsen et al, 1992;Nguyen Thi & Turien, 1993). Matsumae & Cantino (1971) used a large variety of these substances in experimental research on metabolic processes in A. macrogynus, Blastocladiella britannica, B. emersonii and B. cystogenes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of antifungal substances on some zoosporic fungi (Kingdom Fungi)

Gleason

Marano

2010

Hydrobiologia

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Zoosporic fungi constitute a large group of true fungi which inhabit freshwater, brackish, marine and soil ecosystems. In general, very little is known about the effects of antifungal substances on the growth and survival of most species. This review focuses on experimental research with those isolates which have been studied, especially in some species of Synchytrium, Olpidium, Batrachochytrium, Allomyces, Blastocladiella, Neocallimastix. These genera represent genetically diverse groups. Although the research discussed here is restricted to a small sample, some general conclusions can be reached about zoosporic fungi as a whole. Like many other eukaryotic microorganisms, zoosporic fungi are sensitive to a large number of antibiotics, fungicides, surfactants, bacterial metabolites, metabolic poisons, proteins, heavy metals and other antifungal substances. These include substances commonly released into the environment for the control of plant and animal diseases, for increasing production of domestic animals and in the form of waste products from industry. It is possible that the release of antifungal substances into the environment might cause significant changes in the community structure of zoosporic fungi as well as of other groups of microorganisms which play significant roles in food web dynamics and ecosystem complexity. However, this needs documentation by quantitative studies. For these reasons, extensive research on the effects of antifungal substances is much needed.

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The effect of monensin on gametogenesis and zoosporogenesis in the aquatic fungus,Allomyces macrogynus

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Cytoplasmic cleavage in living zoosporangia of Allomyces macrogynus

Cytoplasmic cleavage in living zoosporangia of Allomyces macrogynus

Chemotherapeutic Potential of Monensin as an Anti-microbial Agent

The effects of antifungal substances on some zoosporic fungi (Kingdom Fungi)

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