The effect of mussel seed density on tunicate settlement and growth for the cultured mussel, Mytilus edulis

Ramsay, Aaron; Davidson, Jeff; Landry, Thomas; Stryhn, Henrik

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.01.024

Cited by 39 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Together this indicates that factors such as increased habitat area, refuge from predation and abiotic stress, as well as modification of food availability that are associated with adult mussels in high density, might have been important for many of the biofouling taxa recorded in this study (Commito & Rusignuolo 2000). Biofouling organisms can compete for food and space with cultured organisms, leading to reduced biomass and crop losses (Ramsay et al 2008, De Nys & Guenther 2009, Sievers et al 2013). The increased abundance of biofouling organisms associated with the presence of adult mussels (alive or shells) did not appear to affect the retention of juveniles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of adult mussels on the retention and fine-scale distribution of juvenile seed mussels and biofouling organisms in long-line aquaculture

South¹,

Floerl²,

Jeffs³

2017

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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The majority of juvenile seed mussels are lost in aquaculture production. Understanding the causes of the losses of seed mussels is critical to reducing uncertainties in mussel aquaculture production. One major cause of loss appears to be the secondary settlement behaviour of mussels, which is thought to be a behavioural process by which larger juveniles can safely recruit among adults. This implies that once a juvenile mussel has settled among adults, there is either some impetus to remain or other positive interactions that promote increased survival. In this study, 2 densities (5 and 20 per 45 cm experimental rope) of adult green-lipped mussels Perna canaliculus were deployed alongside juvenile seed mussels to test whether this enhanced the retention of the juveniles in a typical suspended culture. Adult shells were also deployed to ascertain whether any effects were due to the physical presence of the mussels or the influence of their biological functioning. The presence of adult mussels or shells did not increase the retention of juvenile P. canaliculus, but small-scale movements of juveniles were increased by the addition of 20 live adult mussels per experimental rope. However, the presence of adult mussels and mussel shells on experimental ropes greatly increased the abundance of biofouling organisms. While the addition of live adult mussels or shells failed to provide a simple tool for increasing retention of seed mussels on aquaculture lines, they offer new insights into the identity and ecology of key biofouling organisms that can be problematic in mussel aquaculture production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of adult mussels on the retention and fine-scale distribution of juvenile seed mussels and biofouling organisms in long-line aquaculture

South¹,

Floerl²,

Jeffs³

2017

Aquacult. Environ. Interact.

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“…Although its native range is ambiguous due to its unresolved taxonomic status (Zhan et al 2010), C. intestinalis has spread to aquaculture industries in temperate and tropical regions worldwide. It was first documented on the west coast of North America in the 1930s (Blum et al 2007), and invaded the east coast of North America in 2004 (Ramsay et al 2008). New populations have appeared over the past 50 years along the coastline of Australia, New Zealand, Asia, South Africa and South America (Therriault and Herborg 2008;Zhan et al 2010).…”

Section: Common Fouling Organisms In Aquaculture Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biofouling organisms cause increased drag through reduced water exchange (Claereboudt et al 1994;Adams et al 2011), and their presence can cause stock to drop from lines due to their additional weight, particularly in mussel culture (Mallet and Carver 2006). For example, heavy infestations of C. intestinalis add in excess of 10 kg m 71 of culture rope to commercial mussel lines, causing compromised attachment of mussel byssal threads and subsequent crop losses of 50-60% (Ramsay et al 2008). While biofouling of equipment is important, it is secondary to the impact on the cultured animals themselves.…”

Section: Increased Weight and Dragmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This strategy is questionable where fouling pressure is persistent, such as tropical regions, but can be a sensible and effective strategy for regions where fouling is predictable and seasonal. However, even then the practice may be ineffective at reducing fouling biomass (Le Blanc et al 2003), prompting further techniques to decrease fouling settlement and growth by increasing stocking density of cultivated mussels during fouling episodes or by decreasing stocking density ('resocking') of mussels after fouling episodes (Ramsay et al 2008). …”

Section: Avoidance Of Natural Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact and control of biofouling in marine aquaculture: a review

et al. 2012

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Biofouling in marine aquaculture is a specific problem where both the target culture species and/or infrastructure are exposed to a diverse array of fouling organisms, with significant production impacts. In shellfish aquaculture the key impact is the direct fouling of stock causing physical damage, mechanical interference, biological competition and environmental modification, while infrastructure is also impacted. In contrast, the key impact in finfish aquaculture is the fouling of infrastructure which restricts water exchange, increases disease risk and causes deformation of cages and structures. Consequently, the economic costs associated with biofouling control are substantial. Conservative estimates are consistently between 5-10% of production costs (equivalent to US$ 1.5 to 3 billion yr 71 ), illustrating the need for effective mitigation methods and technologies. The control of biofouling in aquaculture is achieved through the avoidance of natural recruitment, physical removal and the use of antifoulants. However, the continued rise and expansion of the aquaculture industry and the increasingly stringent legislation for biocides in food production necessitates the development of innovative antifouling strategies. These must meet environmental, societal, and economic benchmarks while effectively preventing the settlement and growth of resilient multi-species consortia of biofouling organisms.

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“…For example, biofouling on finfish sea cages causes mesh occlusion and consequently a decrease in productivity and fish health, as well as structural fatigue and cage deformation (de Nys & Guenther 2009). In shellfish farms, the cultured species itself provides substrata for biofouling (in addition to any man-made structures) and the impacts include physical damage to the shell surface, mechanical interference of shell function, biological competition for food and space, and increased weight on stock and equipment (Ramsay et al 2008;Fitridge et al 2012;Fletcher et al Forthcoming). In this context, it may be possible to enhance other fouling organisms so that they occupy space pre-emptively, in order to minimise colonisation by problem species, but do not themselves cause adverse biofouling impacts.…”

Section: Please Scroll Down For Articlementioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluation of the sea anemoneAnthothoe albocinctaas an augmentative biocontrol agent for biofouling on artificial structures

Atalah¹,

Bennett²,

Hopkins³

et al. 2013

Biofouling

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Augmentative biocontrol, defined as the use of indigenous natural enemies to control pest populations, has not been explored extensively in marine systems. This study tested the potential of the anemone Anthothoe albocincta as a biocontrol agent for biofouling on submerged artificial structures. Biofouling biomass was negatively related to anemone cover. Treatments with high anemone cover (>35%) led to significant changes in biofouling assemblages compared to controls. Taxa that contributed to these changes differed among sites, but included reductions in cover of problematic fouling organisms, such as solitary ascidians and bryozoans. In laboratory trials, A. albocincta substantially prevented the settlement of larvae of the bryozoan Bugula neritina when exposed to three levels of larval dose, suggesting predation as an important biocontrol mechanism, in addition to space pre-emption. This study demonstrated that augmentative biocontrol using anemones has the potential to reduce biofouling on marine artificial structures, although considerable further work is required to refine this tool before its application.

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The effect of mussel seed density on tunicate settlement and growth for the cultured mussel, Mytilus edulis

Cited by 39 publications

References 13 publications

Differential effects of adult mussels on the retention and fine-scale distribution of juvenile seed mussels and biofouling organisms in long-line aquaculture

Differential effects of adult mussels on the retention and fine-scale distribution of juvenile seed mussels and biofouling organisms in long-line aquaculture

The impact and control of biofouling in marine aquaculture: a review

Evaluation of the sea anemoneAnthothoe albocinctaas an augmentative biocontrol agent for biofouling on artificial structures

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