The Effect of Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis Infection on the Productivity of Cows in Two Dairy Herds with a Low Seroprevalence of Paratuberculosis

Wiszniewska-Łaszczych, Agnieszka; Szteyn, J.; Lachowicz, Tomasz

doi:10.3390/ani10030490

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Johne’s disease (JD) is a global chronic gastroenteric condition that affects ruminants, causing the dairy industry serious economic concern [ 1 , 2 ]. JD is triggered by Mycobacterium avium subsp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…JD is triggered by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), an acid-fast bacterium that belongs to the Mycobacteriaceae family [ 2 ]. Many studies have emphasized the association of MAP with other gastrointestinal conditions such as Crohn’s disease (CD) in humans due to the symptomatic similarities that CD has in common with JD [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have emphasized the association of MAP with other gastrointestinal conditions such as Crohn’s disease (CD) in humans due to the symptomatic similarities that CD has in common with JD [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Animals that are infected with this bacterium are predisposed to other infections and conditions such as lameness, mastitis, and pneumonia due to JD causing an incurable immunodeficiency [ 2 ]. Johne’s disease has three main stages—silent, subclinical, and clinical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The symptom manifestation usually begins after a long latency period (around 2 to 10 years). Therefore, the infected animals remain as reservoirs for the rest of their lives or transmit the disease to healthy individuals, either by direct contact and shedding of the MAP into the environment (horizontal transmission) or by reproducing newborn lambs (vertical transmission) [ 2 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Identification of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in Sheep Milk, a Zoonotic Problem

et al. 2020

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Johne’s disease (JD) is a life-threatening gastrointestinal disease affecting ruminants, which causes crucial economical losses globally. This ailment is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), a fastidious intracellular pathogen that belongs to the Mycobacteriaceae family. This acid-fast, hard-to-detect bacterium can resist milk pasteurization and be conveyed to dairy product consumers. Many studies have emphasized the zoonotic nature of MAP, suggesting an association between MAP and some gastroenteric conditions such as Crohn’s disease in humans. This underlines the importance of utilizing efficient pasteurization alongside a state-of-the-art diagnostic system in order to minimize the possible ways this pathogen can be conveyed to humans. Until now, no confirmatory MAP screening technique has been developed that can reveal the stages of JD in infected animals. This is partially due to the lack of an efficient gold-standard reference method that can properly evaluate the performance of diagnostic assays. Therefore, the following research aimed to compare the merits of qPCR and ELISA assessments of milk for the detection of MAP in a total of 201 Sardinian unpasteurized sheep milk samples including 73 bulk tank milk (BTM) and 128 individual samples from a MAP-infected flock (MIF) applying various reference models. Accordingly, milk qPCR and ELISA assessments, together and individually, were used as reference models in the herd-level study, while serum ELISA and fecal PCR were similarly (together and in isolation) considered as the gold standards in the individual-level diagnosis. This study showed that the type of gold-standard test affects the sensitivity and specificity of milk qPCR and ELISA significantly. At the individual level in the MAP-infected flock, serum ELISA in isolation and together with fecal PCR were recognized as the best references; however, the best correlation was seen between milk and serum ELISA (p < 0.0001). Regarding the detection of MAP in BTM, qPCR IS900 was recognized as the most sensitive and specific diagnostic test (p < 0.0001) for monitoring the MAP shedders and animals with clinically developed symptoms within herds, under the condition that both milk qPCR and milk ELISA tests formed a binary reference model. The BTM analyses (qPCR and ELISA) revealed that MAP positivity has a seasonal pattern. This hypothesis was proven through a longitudinal study on 14 sheep herds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Identification of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in Sheep Milk, a Zoonotic Problem

et al. 2020

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“…paratuberculosis (MAP), pathogen of paratuberculosis, is a slowly growing fastidious acid-fast bacterium belonging to the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). MAP can infect a variety of wild ruminants, as well as common mammals including cattle and sheep, where cattle are the most common host for MAP infection [ 6 – 8 ]. The most common symptoms of this disease in cattle are loss of milk production, weight loss and diarrhoea, whereas in sheep and goats, the symptoms are emaciation, anorexia and severe disability [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of long non-coding RNA expression profile of bovine monocyte-macrophage infected by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

Yang

et al. 2022

BMC Genomics

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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis. As a potential zoonotic pathogen, MAP also seriously threatens human health and social security. At present, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) has attracted wide attention as an useful biomarker in various diseases. Therefore, our study analyzed the lncRNA expression profiles and lncRNA-mRNA regulatory network of MAP infected bovine monocytes-macrophages and uninfected bovine cells by high-throughput sequencing. A total of 4641 differentially expressed lncRNAs genes were identified, including 3111 up-regulated genes and 1530 down-regulated genes. In addition, lncRNA-mRNA interaction analysis was performed to predict the target genes of lncRNA. Among them, after MAP infection, 86 lncRNAs targeted to mRNA, of which only 6 genes were significantly different. The results of Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes significantly enriched in functional groups were related to immune regulation. Multiple signal pathways including NF-κB, NOD-like receptor, Cytokine-cytokine receptor, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, Chemokine signaling pathway, and other important biochemical, metabolic and signal transduction pathways were enriched in Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). In this study, analysis of macrophage transcriptomes in response to MAP infection is expected to provide key information to deeply understand role of the pathogen in initiating an inappropriate and persistent infection in susceptible hosts and molecular mechanisms that might underlie the early phases of paratuberculosis.

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A scoping review on associations between paratuberculosis and productivity in cattle

Griss,

Knific,

Buzzell

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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Paratuberculosis (PTB), or Johne’s disease, is a disease with worldwide distribution caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) that leads to chronic enteritis, primarily in ruminants. Even subclinical infection significantly reduces the animals’ performance, and consequences of the disease lead to high economic losses for the cattle industry. To estimate the economic burden of bovine PTB and to evaluate the benefits of a potential control program, accurate estimates of the production effects associated with the disease are required. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review was to provide a comprehensive overview of associations between MAP infection and production parameters in cattle. The studies were collected from three electronic databases. Of the total 1,605 identified studies, 1,432 did not meet the set criteria in the title and abstract screening and a further 106 were excluded during full-text review. Finally, data on 34 different production parameters were extracted from 67 publications. Results show that the magnitude of reported performance losses varies depending on several factors, such as the type of diagnostic test applied, disease status or number of lactations. Studies reported a reduction in milk yield, changes in milk quality (e.g., higher somatic cell count, lower amount of produced milk fat and protein), reduced fertility (e.g., prolonged calving interval and service period, higher abortion rate and calving difficulties), reduced weaning weight, slaughter weight and slaughter value, or a higher risk for mastitis. Results from the studies included in our review show a median decrease of milk yield per infected cow of −452 kg/lactation for raw and −405 kg/lactation for modeled data. Similarly, the amount of produced milk protein fell by a median of −14.41 kg/lactation for modeled data and the amount of produced milk fat by a median of −13.13 kg/lactation. The reviewed studies revealed a prolonged calving interval by around 30 days and a 1.5 to 3 times higher likeliness of culling per lactation in PTB positive animals. Results from this scoping review provide evidence-based inputs for the development of economic models aiming at the estimation of the costs and benefits associated with different disease control scenarios for PTB.

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The Effect of Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis Infection on the Productivity of Cows in Two Dairy Herds with a Low Seroprevalence of Paratuberculosis

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Identification of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in Sheep Milk, a Zoonotic Problem

Identification of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in Sheep Milk, a Zoonotic Problem

Analysis of long non-coding RNA expression profile of bovine monocyte-macrophage infected by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

A scoping review on associations between paratuberculosis and productivity in cattle

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