THE EFFECT OF MYCORRHIZAL INFECTION OF <i>GOODYERA REPENS</i> AND ITS CONTROL BY FUNGICIDE

Alexander, Clare; Hadley, G.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1984.tb03605.x

Cited by 34 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Studies of G. repens indicated a marginal importance of mycotrophy in that species (Alexander & Hadley, 1984, 1985), although the level of infection was high (up to 40–80%) in both roots and rhizome (Alexander & Alexander, 1984). In contrast to its relative, in G. pubescens infection was restricted to the proximal parts of roots.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In species that do develop green leaves, the adult stages are often assumed to be entirely phototrophic, but little is known about transition from the mycotrophic seedling stage. The study by Alexander and Hadley (1984, 1985) seems to show a transition in Goodyera repens from entirely mycotrophic seedlings to leafy young plants that could grow despite fungicide treatment. However, it seems likely that in some species mycotrophy persists and supplements photosynthesis for the entire life history.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Phenology of roots and mycorrhiza in orchid species differing in phototrophic strategy

Rasmussen

Whigham

2002

New Phytologist

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Summary• The mycorrhiza of orchids represents an energy source that may replace or supplement photosynthesis. Dependency on mycotrophy in adult life stages would thus be expected to be inversely related to the prevalence of phototrophic structures.• The phenology of underground parts and mycorrhizal infection were monitored in five terrestrial species differing in leaf phenology (and thus in phototrophic strategy): Goodyera pubescens (evergreen), Tipularia discolor (wintergreen), Galearis spectabilis and Liparis lilifolia (summergreen) and Corallorhiza odontorhiza (chlorophyll deficient), growing sympatrically in a North American deciduous forest.• Mycorrhizal infection was extensive in T. discolor roots and C. odontorhiza rhizomes. Only the proximal part of roots was infected in G. pubescens, and mycorrhizal colonisation was patchy in roots and tubers of G. spectabilis and localized in the rhizome in L. lilifolia. Mycotrophic roots were long-lived (1.5-3 yrs) determinate structures and mycorrhizal infection reached maximum intensity 2 -6 months after development. Mycotrophy appeared to be active all year round in mature organs.• The phenology of mycotrophic roots and patterns of mycorrhizal infection were not related to the leafy season. The hypothesis that phototrophic and mycotrophic nutrition alternate through the seasons could not be confirmed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Phenology of roots and mycorrhiza in orchid species differing in phototrophic strategy

Rasmussen

Whigham

2002

New Phytologist

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“…However, no such effect was seen when the fungicides were applied to detached L. rupestris leaves (data not shown). No cytokinin-like effects were reported in previous studies that used fungicides (including benomyl and propiconazole) to obtain fungusfree plants (Alexander & Hadley 1984;Reisen & Close 1987;Fitter & Nichols 1988;see Paul et al 1989). This is the first study to test the importance of fungi for growth and survival of epiphytic orchids in the field.…”

Section:        mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…As the biology of orchid mycorrhizal fungi is still a mystery (Otero et al 2002), the most practical way to study this problem in the field is by eliminating mycorrhizal fungi with fungicides. This has been done for the terrestrial orchid Goodyera repens (Alexander & Hadley 1984) and for other plants (Riesen & Close 1987;Fitter & Nichols 1988;Carey et al 1992), but has not been reported previously for epiphytic orchids.…”

Section:        mentioning

confidence: 99%

Are fungi necessary? How fungicides affect growth and survival of the orchid Lepanthes rupestris in the field

et al. 2002

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Summary1 Mycorrhizal associations of tropical, epiphytic orchids have been studied in vitro , but the importance of the relationship has not been demonstrated in the field. We investigated the effect of fungicide treatment on seedlings and juveniles of the lithophytic orchid Lepanthes rupestris . As mycorrhizas, endophytes and pathogens coexist in orchids, fungicide treatment might have either a positive or negative effect on growth and survival of plants.2 The experimental design included benomyl-treated, propiconazole-treated, and control plots. Each treatment consisted of about 140 2 × 2 cm plots divided among eight rocks, with one seedling or juvenile (occasionally two) per plot. Fungicides were applied every 2 weeks and plants were censused and measured every 3 months for 8-9 months. 3 Propiconazole-treated plants had higher mortality, significantly fewer leaves, significantly fewer fungal colonies in their roots, and significantly fewer degraded pelotons than did control plants. Benomyl-treated plants had significantly lower mortality than controls and significantly fewer fungi in leaves than control plants, and did not differ in number of degraded pelotons. There was little or no recruitment in any treatment. 4 Few potentially mycorrhizal fungi were isolated. Guignardia , Colletotrichum and Xylaria , which are generally endophytes, pathogens and/or saprotrophs, were more common. There was evidence of antagonism between Colletotrichum and Xylaria and between Colletotrichum and Guignardia . 5 Results suggest that fungi have both positive and negative effects on growth and survival of L. rupestris plants. However, conclusions about the importance of mycorrhizas are complicated by the simultaneous occurrence of a range of orchid-fungus interactions.

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“…The fungi also help turn plant cellulose into carbohydrates that are easily absorbed, and can act as a carbon source for orchids (Smith, 1966). Furthermore, OMF provides minerals, vitamins, and other nutrients for plants (Bernard, 1911;Hadley, 1984;Alexander and Hadley, 1985), promotes the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for seedlings (Alexander and Hadley, 1984;Zhao et al, 1999), and promotes plant growth and development, which finally leads to better reproduc-tive growth than in NM control plants. These results lead to the conclusion that the symbiotic relationship between OMF and P. tankervilleae enhances the photosynthetic rate, seedling viability, and repro-duction growth.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and development of Phaius tankervilleae (Banks) Blume when inoculated with orchid mycorrhizal fungi

Fen¹,

Hsing²,

Han³

et al. 2012

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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Phaius tankervilleae (Banks) Blume is the most attractive and most horticulturally valuable nativePhaius species in Taiwan. Due to overharvesting in the wild, however, the plant is on the verge of extinction. Successful cultivation of P. tankervilleae has been achieved through in vitro seeding or tissue culture propagation, but plantlet survival rates are low upon transplantation. Previous studies demonstrated that inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi markedly improved plantlet survival rates, vegetative and reproductive growth in Orchidaceae plants. Four orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF), R01 (Rhizoctonia solani), R02 (Rhizoctonia sp., teleomorph = Ceratobasidium sp. AG-A), R15 (Rhizoctonia sp., teleomorph = Ceratobasidium sp. AG-Fb) and R19 (Rhizoctonia sp., teleomorph = Ceratobasidium sp. AG-G) were isolated from Taiwanese native orchid roots that were cultured for more than seven years in our laboratory. These fungi all proved to be non-pathogenic and were inoculated onto the root of P. tankervilleae. Inoculation with the appropriate OMF increased seedling survival rate 27 to 31% (R02; R15), plant height 6.3 cm (R15), leaf length 3.5 cm (R15), flower stalk length 10.2 cm (R19) and number of flowers per stalk (3.5) in ex vitro-grown P. tankervilleae. Inoculation with OMF (R19) promoted reproductive growth in P. tankervilleae, while OMF (R02) inoculation significantly increased photosynthetic rate and carbohydrate content. P. tankervilleae seedlings inoculated with the R15 isolate had a higher survival rate than with other treatments. Inoculations with Rhizoctonia spp. isolates R02, R15, or R19 also promoted reproductive growth in P. tankervilleae.

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THE EFFECT OF MYCORRHIZAL INFECTION OF GOODYERA REPENS AND ITS CONTROL BY FUNGICIDE

Cited by 34 publications

References 23 publications

Phenology of roots and mycorrhiza in orchid species differing in phototrophic strategy

Phenology of roots and mycorrhiza in orchid species differing in phototrophic strategy

Are fungi necessary? How fungicides affect growth and survival of the orchid Lepanthes rupestris in the field

Growth and development of Phaius tankervilleae (Banks) Blume when inoculated with orchid mycorrhizal fungi

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