The effect of Nd and Mg doping on the micro-Raman spectra of LiNbO<sub>3</sub>single-crystals

Quispe-Siccha, Rosa; Mejía-Uriarte, E.V.; Villagrán-Munı́z, M.; Jaque, Daniel; Solé, J. Garcı́a; Jaqué, F.; Sato-Berrú, R. Y.; Camarillo, E.

doi:10.1088/0953-8984/21/14/145401

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Raman spectroscopy is one of the foremost tools for the analysis of the vibrational properties of molecules and solid-state systems [7]. It is commonly employed to characterize samples, as it leads to information about crystallinity, stoichiometry [8], strain [9], doping [10,11], etc. In particular, in combination with theoretical approaches yielding phonon eigenvectors such as the density functional theory (DFT), it is possible to assign a displacement pattern to each Raman peak and attain structural information from the peak modifications with temperature and composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman scattering efficiency inLiTaO3andLiNbO3crystals

et al. 2015

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LiTaO 3 and LiNbO 3 crystals are investigated here in a combined experimental and theoretical study that uses Raman spectroscopy in a complete set of scattering geometries and corresponding density-functional theory calculations to provide microscopic information on their vibrational properties. The Raman scattering efficiency is computed from first principles in order to univocally assign the measured Raman peaks to the calculated eigenvectors. Measured and calculated Raman spectra are shown to be in qualitative agreement and confirm the mode assignment by Margueron et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 111, 104105 (2012)], thus finally settling a long debate. While the two crystals show rather similar vibrational properties overall, the E-TO 9 mode is markedly different in the two oxides. The deviations are explained by a different anion-cation bond type in LiTaO 3 and LiNbO 3 crystals.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman scattering efficiency inLiTaO3andLiNbO3crystals

et al. 2015

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“…The Nd:Mg:LiNbO 3 Raman spectrum was compared with pure LiNbO 3 in the following works. [39][40][41] In these works, the following information is reported: for the A 1 (TO) 2 and A 1 (TO) 3 modes, small energy displacements were detected between doped and undoped LiNbO 3 , while for the A 1 (TO) 1 and A 1 (TO) 4 modes, no energy shift between doped and undoped LiNbO 3 was detected.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…• The Nd ion is in a lower ratio (0.3%) than that of the Mg ion (5%) and is situated only in some unitary cells of the crystal structure; 40 and…”

Section: Assumptions/approximationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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μ-Raman spectroscopy characterization of LiNbO3 femtosecond laser written waveguides

Tejerina

Jaque

Torchia

2012

Journal of Applied Physics

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In this paper, we present an iterative method which merges experimental l-Raman measurements and numerical simulations to describe femtosecond written waveguides in LiNbO 3 crystals. This method is based on the deformation potential theory, and uses the finite element method to analyze elastic deformations after femtosecond laser micro-explosions in x-cut Mg:LiNbO 3 crystals. The resultant strain and refractive index field after laser interaction were estimated and yielded similar values to those obtained in other works. The LiNbO 3 Raman deformation potential constants were also estimated in this work.

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“…For comparison, the spectra of nominally pure CLN and SLN crystals and a crystal SLN(K 2 O) were also investigated. Raman spectra of nominally pure CLN, SLN, and SLN(K 2 O) crystals and congruent crystals doped with magnesium and zinc were previously investigated in [5,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman Scattering in Non-Stoichiometric Lithium Niobate Crystals with a Low Photorefractive Effect

2019

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Raman spectra of lithium niobate single crystals strongly doped by zinc and magnesium, it has been established, contain low-intense bands with frequencies 209, 230, 298, 694, and 880 cm −1 . Ab ignition calculations fail to attribute these bands to fundamental vibrations of A 2 symmetry type unambiguously. Such vibrations are prohibited by the selection rules in the space group C 3V 6 (R3c).Ab initio calculations also proved that low-intense "extra" bands with frequencies 104 and 119 cm −1 definitely do not correspond to vibrations of A 2 symmetry type. We have paid special attention to these extra bands that appear in LiNbO 3 single crystals Raman spectra despite the fact that they are prohibited by the selection rules. In order to do so, we have studied a number of lithium niobate single crystals, both nominally pure and doped, by Raman spectroscopy. We have assumed that some "extra" bands correspond to two-particle states of acoustic phonons with a total wave vector equal to zero. We have also detected a Zn concentration area (0.05-0.94 mol.% ZnO in a crystal) where doped crystal structure is more ordered: The order of alternation of the main, doping cations, and vacancies along the polar axis is increased, and oxygen octahedra are less distorted.Crystals 2019, 9, 535 2 of 37 changes. Features of the LN crystal structure determine features of its vibrational spectrum and many other physical characteristics. LN single crystal is a material with a widely developed secondary structure. It is important to note that the fine features of its structure and, accordingly, the physical characteristics can be significantly changed by changing the composition (changing the Li/Nb ratio and doping), as well as by changing the structure and physicochemical properties of the melt [3][4][5][6]. Moreover, the oxygen-octahedral structure allows doping of the crystal with high (several wt.%) concentrations of metals, as well as double and triple doping with different elements with different charge states.When interpreting the experimental results, the crystal should be considered as a solid solution of Me:Nb:LiNbO 3 (Me is a doping metal). Many metals are capable of entering the octahedral voids of the structure; the solubility limits of the metals are rather large. The concentration of doping metals in the crystal LN structure can reach several wt. % and accordingly~9 mol.% [2][3][4][5][6]. At the same time, the octahedral coordination of cations by oxygen ions allows significant geometric distortions of octahedra LiO 6 , NbO 6 , MeO 6 , O 6 , ( is a vacant octahedron) without changing their symmetry. This fact, along with a large number of point defects in the cation sublattice, leads to structural and optical ununiformity of LN crystal and to formation of complex ionic complexes and microstructures (clusters) in the main (primary) crystal structure, i.e., to the formation of a widely developed secondary crystal structure [6,[10][11][12][13]. By primary (basic) crystal structure we mean a structure that can be experimentally de...

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The effect of Nd and Mg doping on the micro-Raman spectra of LiNbO₃single-crystals

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Raman scattering efficiency inLiTaO3andLiNbO3crystals

Raman scattering efficiency inLiTaO3andLiNbO3crystals

μ-Raman spectroscopy characterization of LiNbO3 femtosecond laser written waveguides

Raman Scattering in Non-Stoichiometric Lithium Niobate Crystals with a Low Photorefractive Effect

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The effect of Nd and Mg doping on the micro-Raman spectra of LiNbO3single-crystals

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Raman scattering efficiency inLiTaO3andLiNbO3crystals

Raman scattering efficiency inLiTaO3andLiNbO3crystals

μ-Raman spectroscopy characterization of LiNbO3 femtosecond laser written waveguides

Raman Scattering in Non-Stoichiometric Lithium Niobate Crystals with a Low Photorefractive Effect

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The effect of Nd and Mg doping on the micro-Raman spectra of LiNbO₃single-crystals