The effect of need and ability to achieve cognitive structuring on cognitive structuring.

Bar‐Tal, Yoram; Kishon‐Rabin, Liat; Tabak, Nili

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.6.1158

Cited by 57 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…Furthermore, although people may be motivated to satisfy such desires and needs, this does not necessarily mean that they can. Indeed, people also differ in their ability to achieve structure and clear answers (see e.g., Bar-Tal, Kishon-Rabin, & Tabak, 1997). The present study therefore investigates whether these individual differences in the need and ability to reach structure and firm decisions -captured by the Need for cognitive Closure and the Ability to Achieve cognitive Closure-are predictive of mental health in the general population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, it is also possible that high NFC or low AAC do not relate to mental health independently, but that both have to be present or that any mismatch between closure needs and abilities is associated with impaired mental health. For example, Bar-Tal, et al (1997) have argued that 'obsessive compulsiveness' in terms of information processing style (i.e., hypervigilance), is typical for a specific combination of high need for structure (closure) and low ability to achieve it. This suggests that investigation of the interaction between need and ability in addition to their main effects may be useful when studying potential links with psychological distress.…”

Section: Need and Ability To Reach Closure: Relationships With Mentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Need and Ability to Achieve Closure: Relationships with symptoms of psychopathology

Roets¹,

Soetens²

2010

Personality and Individual Differences

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Recent literature has asserted that excessive choice in everyday life may pose a burden on mental health. The present research further qualifies this claim by focusing on the role of stable individual differences in Need for (cognitive) Closure (NFC) and Ability to Achieve Closure (AAC), which tap into the cognitive-motivational aspects of decision making and choice. The effects of these two distinct components of cognitive closure on mental health and symptoms of psychopathology were investigated in a non-clinical sample (N = 304). Results from regression analyses showed strong opposite effects of NFC (positive) and AAC (negative), which independently predicted scores on the Symptom Checklist-90 and its various facet scales, together explaining up to 29% of the variance. These results attest to the idea that individual differences in the need and ability to achieve cognitive closure play a pivotal role in the potentially detrimental effects of excessive choice on mental health. Moreover, the opposite effects of NFC and AAC clarify the ambivalent findings from previous clinical studies on psychopathology that confounded these two components of cognitive closure and suggest promising directions for clinical research and therapy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Need and Ability To Reach Closure: Relationships With Mentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Need and Ability to Achieve Closure: Relationships with symptoms of psychopathology

Roets¹,

Soetens²

2010

Personality and Individual Differences

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“…The above results are derived from a wide variety of studies, their topics extend over subjects such as abstract problems (Jaśko et al, 2015), consumer decisions (Houghton & Grewal, 2000), and actual behavior in a social context (Kosic et al, 2004). These effects are present both in studies that operationalize the need for closure as a dispositional variable (e.g., Bar-Tal et al, 1997, 2010 and in those that operationalize it as a situational variable (e.g., Mayseless & Kruglanski, 1987;Kossowska & Jaśko, 2013). The multitude of studies and diverse paradigms in which the described results have been obtained provoke a search for a universal mechanism that would be responsible for them.…”

Section: The Dual Consequences Of the Need For Closure And The Need Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the mid-90s, Bar-Tal and colleagues have been developing the idea of an ability-like variable independent of epistemic motivation (e.g., Bar-Tal, 1994;Bar-Tal et al, 1997;Bar-Tal Raviv & Spitzer, 1999). In his early works, Bar-Tal and colleagues showed that the need for structure is positively correlated with the tendency to simplify the process of formulating knowledge, but only on condition that it is accompanied by high structuring capabilities.…”

Section: The Dual Consequences Of the Need For Closure And The Need Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

When the need for closure promotes complex cognition

Strojny¹,

Kossowska²,

Strojny³

2016

RPsych

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Lay epistemic theory is one of the most popular theoretical frameworks describing the knowledge formation process. According to it, the central variable determining the epistemic process is the need for cognitive closure. In most cases, high levels of this motivation are associated with simplified and accelerated processing of information. This can lead to an overly simplified understanding of this variable. In fact, there are reasons to believe that the typical relationship is reversed under certain circumstances. The paper is a review of the research supporting this prediction. Results were analyzed with particular emphasis on two postulates of the theory: the two phases of the epistemic process and the dual nature of the need for cognitive closure.

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“…Individual distinctions in security perceptions and the security state arise due to differences in people's experience, their ability to perceive, perceptive selectiveness, and individual ways of processing information, motivation, and knowledge, all of which influence the interrelations between the information perceived and the ability to cope with threats (Bar-Tal et al, 1997;Epstein, 1994;Fiske &Taylor, 1991;Kruglanski, 1989;Lazarus et al, 1985;Nisbett & Ross, 1980). These distinctions imply that, on the one hand, people evaluate the degree of danger and threat in different ways; on the other, they differ in their evaluation of their group's abilities to overcome and sort out difficulties .…”

Section: Subjective Theories Of Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological security as the foundation of personal psychological wellbeing (analytical review)

Zotova¹,

Karapetyan²

2018

Psych. Rus.

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Background. Security as a socio-cultural phenomenon requires a comprehensive approach and integrates a multitude of aspects of social reality, each of which is important both for an individual and society as a whole. It has been shown that there are certain universal desires and needs which are valued by all cultures and peoples as essential to providing a high quality of life; one of such universals is the need for security. Consequently, the status of people's security in a society directly depends on the processes taking place in the society as a whole, and a craving for security and the need for it act as powerful stimulators of social changes.Aim. A theoretical analysis of studies on psychological security as a socio-cultural phenomenon.Method. Sources were selected according the following principles of scientific cognition: development, systematicity, and determinism.Result and discussion. It has been shown that, on the one hand, an individual's security is the result of an effective political, economic, social, and cultural environment. On the other hand, a society's security is a combination of individual people's security. It has been proved that the strengthening of a society's psychological security is key to achieving the wellbeing of different categories of people.It has been demonstrated that security is a dynamic process, since at every point in time we are dealing with a new type of danger. As a result, psychological security must constantly be created all over again. The latent character of security is shown by the fact that a person starts to strain after it only when an actual threat to life, health, and wellbeing emerges. What's more, the use of an interdisciplinary approach (psychological and sociological, in particular) appears to be the most fruitful, especially with regard to such latent phenomena as security and wellbeing.It has been shown that all aspects of human behavior in all spheres of life can be interpreted in the context of both the sense of security and actual security, and in most cases it is the need for security that guides man's action. It has also been demonstrated Psychological security as the foundation of personal psychological wellbeing… 101 that people's perceptions and assessment of their state of security are psychological processes, and thus, they are exposed to individual and group differences.Modern research has shown that, in the modern world, the link between a sense of wellb eing and sense of security is drawing increasing attention. Yet it should be noted that there is a tendency to interpret the concept of security restrictively as protection from harm and satisfaction of basic needs. In other words, the idea that psychological wellbeing and security are complementary and mutually conditioned concepts has not been dealt with so far.

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The effect of need and ability to achieve cognitive structuring on cognitive structuring.

Cited by 57 publications

References 145 publications

Need and Ability to Achieve Closure: Relationships with symptoms of psychopathology

Need and Ability to Achieve Closure: Relationships with symptoms of psychopathology

When the need for closure promotes complex cognition

Psychological security as the foundation of personal psychological wellbeing (analytical review)

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