The effect of neonatal administration of monosodium glutamate on the circadian control of food intake in the rat

Rietveld, W.J.; Meijer, Johanna H.; Ruis, J.F.; Buys, P.J.

doi:10.1080/09291018609359924

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…On the other hand, imipramine did not affect the phase position or rate of reentrainment of circadian activity rhythms in hamsters (2), and no significant effects on the period length could be observed in rats (36) or hamsters (45). In the case of clorgyline, an irreversible type A MAO inhibitor, a lengthening and phase delay of circadian activity rhythms have been demonstrated only in hamsters (7 ,37 ,45), while no clear effect on the period length was found in rats (29). One explanation for this species difference may be that the hamster brain contains more than 950Jo MAO type A (10), whereas the rat brain contains only about 60-80% MAO type A (10,32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In general, results of these and other studies have been interpreted to the effect 32 32 that these drugs slow the mammalian circadian pacemaker. However, some studies reported additional effects such as dissociation (45) and splitting (19) of circadian rhythms, while others found no effect of antidepressant drugs on the circadian period at all (2,29,36). It should be noted that almost all these investigations examined the effects of psychoactive drugs on animals such as golden hamsters or laboratory rats that have "normal" circadian rhythms rather than "abnormal" rhythms that might be more representative of clinical depression.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effects of chronic administration and withdrawal of antidepressant agents on circadian activity rhythms in rats

Wollnik

1992

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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WOLLNIK, F. E;ffects of chronic administration and Withdrawal of antidepressant agents on circadian activity rhythms in rats.PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BEHAV 43{2) S49-S61, 1992.-Experimental and clinical studies indicate that clinical depression may be associated with disturbances of circadian rhythms. To explore the interaction between circadian rhythmicity, behavioral state, and monoaminergic systems, the present study investigated the effects of chronic administration and withdrawal of the following antidepressant agents on circadian wheel-running rhythms of laboratory rats: a) moclobemide, a reversible and selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) type A inhibitor; b) Ro 19-6327, a selective MAO type B inhibitor; c) desipramine, a preferential norepinephrine reuptalce inhibitor; d) clomipramine and e) fluoxetine, both serotonin reuptake inhibitors; and f) levoprotillne, an atypical antidepressant whose biochemical mechanism is still unknown. Wheel-running activity rhythms were studied in three inbred strains of laboratory rats (ACI, BH, LEW) under constant darkness (DD). Two of these inbred strains (BH and LEW) show proround abnormalities in their circadian activity rhythms, namely, a reduced overall level of activity and bimodal or multimodal activity patterns. Chronic treatment with moclobemide and desipramine consistently increased the overall level, as well as the circadian amplitude, of the activity rhythm. Furthermore, the abnormal activity pattern of the LEW strain was changed into a unimodal activity pattern like that of other laboratory rats. The free-running period r was slightly shortened by moclobemide and dramatically shonened by desipramine. Effects of moclobemide and desipramine treatment on overall activity level and duration were reversed shortly after termination of treatment, whereas long aftereffects were observed for the free-running period. All other substances tested had no systematic effects on the activity rhythms of any of the strains. The fact that moclobemide and desipramine altered the period, amplitude, and pattern of circadian activity rhythms is consistent with the hypothesis that monoaminergic transmitters play a significant role in the neuronal control of behavioral state and circadian rhythmicity. Although the present study found that some antidepressives affect parameters of circadian rhythmicity, it could not demonstrate a common effect of all classes of antidepressives. Circadian rhythmsGenetic differences Inbred strains Antidepressives Moclobemide Ro 19-6327 Desipramine Clomipramine Fluoxetine Levoprotiline IT has often been suggested that there is an association between the pathophysiology of affective disorders and disturbances of circadian rhythms. For example, studies in humans have shown that affective disorders are associated with abnormalities in the period, phase, and/or amplitude of physiological, behavioral, and endocrine rhythms, resulting in quite a number of different hypotheses on the chronobiology of depression (16,18,20,39,41). Special attention has been paid to the ob...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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confidence: 99%

Effects of chronic administration and withdrawal of antidepressant agents on circadian activity rhythms in rats

Wollnik

1992

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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“…Although some cones survive in these animals, the data are consistent with the possibility that a separate set of photoreceptors are involved in entrainment. Similarly, the pronounced degeneration of retinal ganglion cells produced by neonatal administration of monosodium glutamate does not affect the photic entrainment of circadian function or the ability to phase shift free-running locomotor rhythms with light pulses Miyabo et al, 1985;Rietveld et al, 1986;Chambrille and Serviere, 1993). This suggests that a distinct subset of retinal ganglion cells gives rise to the RHT.…”

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The retinohypothalamic tract originates from a distinct subset of retinal ganglion cells

Moore

Speh

Card

1995

J of Comparative Neurology

316

175

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The retinal ganglion cells giving rise to retinohypothalamic projections in the rat were identified using retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or FluoroGold injected into the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), and using transneuronal transport of the Bartha strain of the swine herpesvirus (PRV-Bartha). When PRV-Bartha is injected into one eye, it is taken up by retinal ganglion cells, replicated, transported to axon terminals in the SCN, and released. There the virus may take one, or both, of two paths to retinal ganglion cells in the contralateral eye: 1) uptake by SCN neurons, replication, and release from the neurons with uptake and retrograde transport in retinal afferents originating in the contralateral retina; 2) transneuronal passage through axo-axonic appositions between retinal afferents in the SCN with subsequent retrograde transport of virus to the contralateral retina. The ganglion cells thus labeled are a homogeneous population of small neurons (mean diameter, 12.8 +/- 2.2 microns and mean area, 81.8 +/- 21.8 microns 2) with sparsely branching dendrites that are widely distributed over the retina. This population is best identified when virus labeling of retinal projections in areas beyond the hypothalamus is eliminated by lateral geniculate lesions that transect the optic tract at its entry into the geniculate complex. The same population is labeled with retrograde tracers but, with both HRP and FluoroGold, other ganglion cells are labeled, presumably from uptake by fibers of passage, indicating that the virus is a more reliable marker for ganglion cells giving rise to retinohypothalamic projections. The ganglion cells identified correspond to a subset of type III, or W, cells.

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“…Only a subset of the surviving GCs was related to the major components of the circadian timing system, i.e., the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus (SCN), the intergeniculate leaflet (IGL), and the ventral part of the lateral geniculate nuclei (vLGN, Pickard et al, 1982;. These surviving GCs are still able to mediate the photic entrainment of the circadian clock Miyabo et al, 1985;Rietvield et al, 1986;. They phase shift locomotor activity rhythms (LAR) of animals kept in constant darkness (DD) when light pulses are delivered at critical times of their circadian rhythms, i.e., during the active phase of the LAR that corresponding to the subjective night of animals (Chambille, 1997).…”

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confidence: 97%

Retinal ganglion cells expressing the FOS protein after light stimulation in the Syrian hamster are relatively insensitive to neonatal treatment with monosodium glutamate

Chambille

1998

J. Comp. Neurol.

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In nocturnal rodents, the c-fos gene is directly involved in the light mechanism of resetting of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (circadian clock). Light also induces c-fos expression in the retinal ganglion cell layer (GCL), but no attempt has been made to study the retinal responses to the phase-shifting effects of light. The expression of the Fos protein in each of the two populations of the GCL (displaced amacrine cells [DACs] and ganglion cells [GCs]) was analyzed in hamsters after light stimulation delivered early (circadian time [CT13]) and in the middle (CT18) of the subjective night. To evaluate as accurately as possible the number of GCs able to phase shift the locomotor activity rhythm (LAR), neonatal hamsters treated with monosodium glutamate (MSG) were also used, an in vivo model which displays retinal degeneration and LAR normally entrained by light. In nontreated hamsters, the number of Fos-immunoreactive (Fos-ir+) nuclei in the GCL was significantly higher at CT18 than at CT13. In MSG-treated hamsters, the number of Fos-ir+ nuclei was the same at both CTs and nonsignificantly different as those of nontreated hamsters at CT13. MSG treatment destroyed as many Fos-ir+ DACs as Fos-ir- DACs or Fos-ir+ GCs. Fos-ir+ GCs were less sensitive to neurotoxic than other GCs, as only 37% of them were destroyed by treatment versus 92% for Fos-ir- GCs. At CT18, a maximum of 3,500 GCs expressed Fos protein in nontreated hamsters versus only 2,200 in MSG-treated hamsters. This minor subgroup was sufficiently potent to normally synchronize the circadian rhythms to the Light/dark cycle in treated hamsters.

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The effect of neonatal administration of monosodium glutamate on the circadian control of food intake in the rat

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Effects of chronic administration and withdrawal of antidepressant agents on circadian activity rhythms in rats

Effects of chronic administration and withdrawal of antidepressant agents on circadian activity rhythms in rats

The retinohypothalamic tract originates from a distinct subset of retinal ganglion cells

Retinal ganglion cells expressing the FOS protein after light stimulation in the Syrian hamster are relatively insensitive to neonatal treatment with monosodium glutamate

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