The effect of nitrogen deposition and seasonal variability on methane oxidation and nitrous oxide emission rates in an upland spruce plantation and moorland

MacDonald, Jannette; Skiba, U.; Sheppard, Lucy J.; Ball, B. C.; Roberts, J.D.; Smith, K. A.; Fowler, D.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(97)00265-3

Cited by 97 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…One advantage of microirrigation systems is the capability to deliver specific quantities of Nsolutions (and water) to individual trees (MacDonald et al 1997). The N application strategy used in this investigation involved N-fertigation events targeted to tree N-demand.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7A), suggesting an inhibition of CH 4 oxidation in soil with a decrease of air-filled pore space. This oxidation decrease may occur because the diffusion of CH 4 and O 2 into the soil air space becomes more limited as wfps increases, restricting methanotrophic activity while promoting methanogenic activity , MacDonald et al 1997. Also, fertilizer-N has been shown to inhibit CH 4 oxidation, and may cause as well an increase in the net emission right after the fertilizer is applied (Steudler et al 1989, Mosier et al 1991.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatiotemporal variation of event related N₂O and CH₄ emissions during fertigation in a California almond orchard

Alsina

Fanton-Borges

2013

Ecosphere

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Abstract. Nitrogen fertilizer applied to soil is the primary source of the greenhouse gas (GHG) nitrous oxide (N 2 O). The assessment of N 2 O emissions, or net fluxes of the GHG methane (CH 4 ), are lacking for upland, arid agricultural ecosystems worldwide. In California, where rates of application for nitrogen (N) can exceed 300 kg per hectare for N-intensive fruit and nut crops (.2 million acres), liquid N fertilizers applied through microirrigation systems (fertigation) represent the predominant method of N fertilization. Little information is available for how these concentrated and spatially discrete N solution applications influence N 2 O emissions and net CH 4 fluxes (the sum of methanogenic and methanotrophic activity). In this study we examined soil N 2 O-N emissions and net CH 4 fluxes for drip and stationary microsprinklers, two of the most widely used fertigation emitters, in an almond orchard where 235.5 kg N/ha were applied during the season of measurement (2009)(2010). We accomplished this by modeling the spatial patterns of N 2 O and CH 4 at the scale of meters and centimeters using simple mathematical approaches. For two applications of 33.6 kg/ha and three applications of 56.1 kg/ha targeted to the phenologic stages with highest tree N demand, the spatial patterns of N 2 O fluxes were similar to the emitter water distribution pattern and independent of temperature and fertilizer N form applied. Net CH 4 fluxes were extremely low and there was no discernible spatial pattern, but areas kept dry (driveways between tree rows) generally consumed CH 4 while it was produced in the microirrigation wet-up area. The N 2 O-N emissions for fertigation events at the scale of days, and over a season, were significantly higher from the drip irrigated orchard (1.6 6 0.7 kg N 2 O-N ha À1 yr À1) than a microsprinkler irrigated orchard (0.6 6 0.3 kg N 2 O-N ha À1 yr À1 ). N 2 O emissions and net CH 4 fluxes were only significantly correlated with soil water filled pore space and not with mineral-N. The correlation was much better for N 2 O emissions. Our results greatly improve our ability to scale N 2 O production to the orchard level, and provide growers with a tool for lowering almond orchard carbon and nitrogen footprints.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal variation of event related N₂O and CH₄ emissions during fertigation in a California almond orchard

Alsina

Fanton-Borges

2013

Ecosphere

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“…Throughfall containers (2 per site), containing the biocide thymol, collected rainwater and material that has been dry deposited onto the leaves falling through the tree canopy over a 0.2 m 2 area at sites A-C. At the background site D, 3 rainfall collectors (0.035 m 2 ) were installed at a height of 1.5 m. Throughfall and rainfall samples were bulked to provide a monthly sample analysed for NH For manual N 2 O measurements by the static chamber approach, two small round polypropylene chambers fitted with a 4.5 cm wide outward facing flange (31 l) and covering a surface area of 0.123 m 2 were installed at each site for the duration of the field experiment (MacDonald et al, 1997). Fluxes were measured at roughly monthly intervals, by closing the chambers for a 1 h period around midday using lids manufactured from UV permeable polyvinylchloride attached in a dome shape fashion to a second flange.…”

Section: Site Description and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from a poultry farm and soil NO and N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes from a downwind forest

et al. 2006

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Abstract.Intensive livestock farms emit large concentrations of NH 3 , most of which is deposited very close to the source. The presence of trees enhances the deposition. Rates to downwind forests can exceed 40 kg N ha −1 y −1 . The steep gradient in large NH 3 concentrations of 34.3±20.4, 47.6±24.9, 21.7±16.8 µg NH 3 m 3 at the edge of a forest 15, 30 and 45 m downwind of the farm to near background concentrations within 270 m downwind (1.15±0.7 µg NH 3 m 3 ) provides an ideal site to study the effect of different rates of atmospheric NH 3 concentrations and inferred deposition on biological and chemical processes under similar environmental conditions. We have investigated the effect of different NH 3 concentrations and implied deposition rates on the flux of NO and N 2 O from soil in a mixed woodland downwind of a large poultry farm (160 000 birds) in Scotland, which has been operating for about 40 years. Measurements were carried out for a 6 month period, with hourly NO flux measurements, daily N 2 O fluxes close to the farm and monthly at all sites, and monthly cumulative wet and dry N deposition. The increased NH 3 and NH woodland downwind of the farm, extrapolation to the entire British poultry flock suggests that these NH 3 emissions contribute to less than 0.5% and 0.02%, respectively of the total annual UK NO x and N 2 O emissions.

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“…However, the litter layer has been reported to influence soil CH 4 uptake by controlling gas diffusion into the soil (Peichl et al 2010;Wang et al 2013), which can be particularly important in broad-leaved forests like beech (Brumme and Borken 1999). Furthermore, soils that receive high N loads due to N fertilization or atmospheric N deposition often consume less CH 4 than undisturbed soils (Butterbach-Bahl et al 1998;Macdonald et al 1997;Steudler et al 1989) because NH 4 + inhibits oxidation of CH 4 to CO 2 by methanotrophic bacteria (Bodelier and Laanbroek 2004). However, whether litter N content influences soil CH 4 fluxes, for example via leaching of N to the mineral soil, remains to be demonstrated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of litter layer to soil greenhouse gas emissions in a temperate beech forest

et al. 2016

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Background and aims The litter layer is a major source of CO 2 , and it also influences soil-atmosphere exchange of N 2 O and CH 4 . So far, it is not clear how much of soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emission derives from the litter layer itself or is litter-induced. The present study investigates how the litter layer controls soil GHG fluxes and microbial decomposer communities in a temperate beech forest. Methods We removed the litter layer in an Austrian beech forest and studied responses of soil CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O fluxes and the microbial community via phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA). Soil GHG fluxes were determined with static chambers on 22 occasions from July 2012 to February 2013, and soil samples collected at 8 sampling events.Results Litter removal reduced CO 2 emissions by 30 % and increased temperature sensitivity (Q 10 ) of CO 2 fluxes. Diffusion of CH 4 into soil was facilitated by litter removal and CH 4 uptake increased by 16 %. This effect was strongest in autumn and winter when soil moisture was high. Soils without litter turned from net N 2 O sources to slight N 2 O sinks because N 2 O emissions peaked after rain events in summer and autumn, which was not the case in litter-removal plots. Microbial composition was only transiently affected by litter removal but strongly influenced by seasonality. Conclusions Litter layers must be considered in calculating forest GHG budgets, and their influence on temperature sensitivity of soil GHG fluxes taken into account for future climate scenarios.

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The effect of nitrogen deposition and seasonal variability on methane oxidation and nitrous oxide emission rates in an upland spruce plantation and moorland

Cited by 97 publications

References 47 publications

Spatiotemporal variation of event related N₂O and CH₄ emissions during fertigation in a California almond orchard

Spatiotemporal variation of event related N₂O and CH₄ emissions during fertigation in a California almond orchard

The relationship between NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from a poultry farm and soil NO and N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes from a downwind forest

Contribution of litter layer to soil greenhouse gas emissions in a temperate beech forest

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The effect of nitrogen deposition and seasonal variability on methane oxidation and nitrous oxide emission rates in an upland spruce plantation and moorland

Cited by 97 publications

References 47 publications

Spatiotemporal variation of event related N2O and CH4 emissions during fertigation in a California almond orchard

Spatiotemporal variation of event related N2O and CH4 emissions during fertigation in a California almond orchard

The relationship between NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; emissions from a poultry farm and soil NO and N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O fluxes from a downwind forest

Contribution of litter layer to soil greenhouse gas emissions in a temperate beech forest

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Spatiotemporal variation of event related N₂O and CH₄ emissions during fertigation in a California almond orchard

Spatiotemporal variation of event related N₂O and CH₄ emissions during fertigation in a California almond orchard

The relationship between NH<sub>3</sub> emissions from a poultry farm and soil NO and N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes from a downwind forest