The Effect of Norepinephrine and Theophylline on Blood Glucose, Plasma Ffa, Plasma Glycerol and Plasma Insulin in Normal Subjects

Arnman, K; Carlström, Sven; Thorell, Jan I.

doi:10.1111/j.0954-6820.1975.tb04916.x

Cited by 15 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

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“…Adenosine has been shown to inhibit lipolysis in vitro (27) and in vivo (1,37) due to activation of adenosine A 1 -receptors on adipocytes causing inhibition of adenylate cyclase, and further decreasing cAMP. In this study, we did not find any significant changes in fatty acid or lactate responses to adenosine, hypoxia, and exercise, and no concrete conclusions can be drawn from these metabolic variables.…”

Section: Regulation Of Muscle Substrate Metabolism By Adenosinementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of adenosine, exercise, and moderate acute hypoxia on energy substrate utilization of human skeletal muscle

Heinonen

Kemppainen

Kaskinoro

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Glucose metabolism increases in hypoxia and can be influenced by endogenous adenosine, but the role of adenosine for regulating glucose metabolism at rest or during exercise in hypoxia has not been elucidated in humans. We studied the effects of exogenous adenosine on human skeletal muscle glucose uptake and other blood energy substrates [free fatty acid (FFA) and lactate] by infusing adenosine into the femoral artery in nine healthy young men. The role of endogenous adenosine was studied by intra-arterial adenosine receptor inhibition (aminophylline) during dynamic one-leg knee extension exercise in normoxia and acute hypoxia corresponding to ∼3,400 m of altitude. Extraction and release of energy substrates were studied by arterial-to-venous (A-V) blood samples, and total uptake or release was determined by the product of A-V differences and muscle nutritive perfusion measured by positron emission tomography. The results showed that glucose uptake increased from a baseline value of 0.2 ± 0.2 to 2.0 ± 2.2 μmol·100 g(-1)·min(-1) during adenosine infusion (P < 0.05) at rest. Although acute hypoxia enhanced arterial FFA levels, it did not affect muscle substrate utilization at rest. During exercise, glucose uptake was higher (195%) during acute hypoxia compared with normoxia (P = 0.058), and aminophylline had no effect on energy substrate utilization during exercise, despite that arterial FFA levels were increased. In conclusion, exogenous adenosine at rest and acute moderate hypoxia during low-intensity knee-extension exercise increases skeletal muscle glucose uptake, but the increase in hypoxia appears not to be mediated by adenosine.

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Section: Regulation Of Muscle Substrate Metabolism By Adenosinementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of adenosine, exercise, and moderate acute hypoxia on energy substrate utilization of human skeletal muscle

Heinonen

Kemppainen

Kaskinoro

et al. 2012

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Modulation of Insulin Secretion and Glycemia by Selective Inhibition of Cyclic AMP Phosphodiesterase III

Parker

Vanvolkenburg

Nardone

et al. 1997

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

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Insulin absorption from the abdomen and the thigh in healthy subjects during rest and exercise: Blood glucose, plasma insulin, growth hormone, adrenaline and noradrenaline levels

et al. 1982

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Summary.Insulin was absorbed faster from the abdomen than from the thigh under resting conditions and during exercise. Exercise enhanced the rate of insulin absorption marginally. The fall of blood glucose during rest and exercise was not significantly different after insulin injection into either site. The faster absorption of insulin from the abdomen during rest and exercise was reflected in a sharper rise of serum growth hormone levels and urinary adrenaline excretion. Therefore exercise should not be taken immediately after injection of a large dose of soluble insulin, particularly into the abdomen.Key words: Insulin, insulin absorption, plasma insulin, blood glucose, exercise, growth hormone, urinary catecholamines.Physical exercise is one of the three corner stones of the treatment of the insulin-dependent diabetic. However, the fluctuations of blood glucose during exercise often exceed the desirable range. Previous investigations have shown that the rate of absorption of subcutaneously injected insulin varies during physical exercise depending on the site of injection [1][2][3][4] in man and rat. These findings might explain the large variations of blood glucose during exercise, being mediated by faster absorption of insulin and/or an increased glucose uptake by the working muscle. A relatively good correlation has been established between the rate of insulin absorption and the decline of blood glucose in diabetic subjects [5][6][7][8][9], although it is weaker in normal subjects [91.The aims of this study were to determine in normal subjects 1) the effect on blood glucose after injecting insulin into the thigh compared with the abdomen, 2) the concentrations of insulin in plasma and of some counter-regulatory hormones under these conditions and 3) the influence of physical exercise on these metabolic indices. Subjects and MethodsFour young healthy subjects (mean age 24.5 years, range: 21-31 years; mean weight 66.7 + 7.1 kg and mean height 174.9 _+_ 7.7 cm) gave their informed consent to the following study. Each of the subjects was tested on six occasions: NaC1 was injected into the arm for basal values. Actrapid insulin (Novo) was injected (0.12 U/kg body weight) 20 cm above the upper edge of the patella in the median line or 4 cm to the side of the umbilicus. The skin was folded and the depth of injection was 0.5-0.7 cm. Each test was carried out twice; once under resting conditions and a second time during exercise, consisting of 50% of the working capacity calculated according to the Pulse-Watt-Capacity 170 in the upright position (87.5 _+ 6 W; ergometical working capacity at a pulse rate of 170/rain). The subjects worked three 15-min periods each separated by 5 min of rest. Venous blood samples were drawn through an indwelling catheter in the antecubital vein of the contralateral arm to the injection site at 0, 15, 45, 65, 85, 120 and 150 min. The following determinations were carried out: blood glucose (glucose oxidase, YSI-Glucose Analyser 23A), plasma insulin by radioimmunoassay (detection limit:...

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The Effect of Norepinephrine and Theophylline on Blood Glucose, Plasma Ffa, Plasma Glycerol and Plasma Insulin in Normal Subjects

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Effects of adenosine, exercise, and moderate acute hypoxia on energy substrate utilization of human skeletal muscle

Effects of adenosine, exercise, and moderate acute hypoxia on energy substrate utilization of human skeletal muscle

Modulation of Insulin Secretion and Glycemia by Selective Inhibition of Cyclic AMP Phosphodiesterase III

Insulin absorption from the abdomen and the thigh in healthy subjects during rest and exercise: Blood glucose, plasma insulin, growth hormone, adrenaline and noradrenaline levels

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