The effect of olfactory bulb lesions on agonistic, locomotory and social behavior in mice housed in aggregate

Means, Larry W.; Sydow, Melody; DaVanzo, John P.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(84)90322-6

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In this study, we defined and measured aggression as certain behaviors performed by a resident rat toward an intruder male similar to previous studies by other laboratories (Means, Sydow, & DaVanzo, 1984;Miczek, 1974Miczek, , 1977Olivier, 1981). We also defined aggressive and defensive factors composed of single behaviors or behavioral combinations as determined by a factor analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the several cases where there were not enough males in a litter, males from the same treatment group only, born on the same day, were marked and combined to form one surrogate litter (Johns et al, 1992b). Though several studies have shown that all male litters sometimes receive differential attention from their dams (Alleva, Caprioli, & Laviola, Miczek, 1974;Means, Sydow, & DaVanzo, 1984;& Oliver, 1981. 1989; Birke & Sadler, 1987, because all surrogate-reared litters consisted of only males, any differences in dam treatment due to offspring gender should theoretically have occurred in all groups.…”

Section: Animals and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prenatal exposure to cocaine: Effects on aggression in sprague‐dawley rats

Johns

Means

Bass

et al. 1994

Developmental Psychobiology

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Social/aggressive behavior in adult rat offspring (beginning at postnatal Day 180) prenatally exposed to saline, cocaine, or amfonelic acid (AFA) was examined. Pregnant rats received injections of 15 mg/kg of cocaine, or 0.9% saline twice daily, s.c., or on 2 consecutive days at 4-day intervals, or 1.5 mg/kg amfonelic acid daily throughout gestational Days 1-20. Frequency, duration, and latency of 11 social/aggressive behaviors were recorded for two 15-min sessions during which a smaller male intruder replaced an ovariectomized female in the resident's home cage. Subjects received a s.c. saline injection before Session 1 and 2.0 mg/kg of gepirone, a 5HT1a partial agonist, prior to Session 2. Prenatal cocaine treatment resulted in alterations of aggressive behavior. Aggressive behavior was reduced by gepirone in all groups but to a lesser extent in the AFA group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Animals and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal exposure to cocaine: Effects on aggression in sprague‐dawley rats

Johns

Means

Bass

et al. 1994

Developmental Psychobiology

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“…Saline and cocaine dams received SC injections twice daily throughout gestation (CD [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], at approximately 0900 and 1630 h, of normal saline or 15 mg/kg of cocaine hydrogen chloride (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO) dissolved in distilled water. Surrogates received no treatment during gestation.…”

Section: Methods General Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Untreated animals were used in only one session. The 10-min test session was videotaped and subsequently scored for frequency, duration, and latency of nine interactive social behaviors exhibited by the experimental animal [see Table 2; behaviors were taken in part from (12,13,17)]. Data were collected between 0900 and 1630 h, with all groups represented during morning and afternoon hours.…”

Section: Social Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prenatal cocaine exposure affects social behavior in Sprague-Dawley rats

Johns

Noonan

1995

Neurotoxicology and Teratology

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Children prenatally exposed to cocaine are reported to exhibit inappropriate social behavior, including aggression. We have recently observed a similar phenomenon in rats prenatally exposed to cocaine. Pregnant females were injected twice daily with 15 mg/kg cocaine hydrochloride or saline on gestation days l-20. Offspring were tested for social behavior towards two unfamiliar, untreated rats of the same age and sex. Cocaine-treated males (90 PND) took longer to reciprocate contact and cocaine-treated females (60 PND) spent more time rough grooming unfamiliar females. Male cocaine offspring (180 PND) tested for aggression exhibited an increased frequency and duration and decreased latency to chase an intruder. ACTH was lower in cocaine-treated males (150-180 PND) following plus-maze exposure or exposure to an unfamiliar male. Our data indicate that prenatal cocaine treatment in rats increases fear or aggression responses, dependent on sex and stimulus situation. KeywordsCocaine; Prenatal; Development; Social behavior; Aggression; ACTH; HPA axisThe Alarming rise of cocaine abuse among pregnant women has promoted much concern over the potential behavioral effects on prenatally exposed neonates and infants (4,20). Offspring of mothers that have abused cocaine during pregnancy have exhibited signs of increased irritability and altered state lability as newborns (2,3). Research has also shown that young children prenatally exposed to cocaine are somewhat aggressive, show poor social attachment, and display abnormal play behavior in unstructured environments (7,18). These data are suggestive of a cocaine-induced, abnormal development of socioemotional behavior. However, mothers who have abused cocaine during pregnancy have been shown to bond poorly to their infants (1), making it difficult to determine if the origin of these deficits occur as a direct result of cocaine acting on the developing fetus, being raised in an unstable or abusive environment in which parental drug abuse may be prevalent, or a combination thereof.Recent animal research on the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure has begun to focus on behaviors that appear to be similar to the behaviors exhibited by human offspring prenatally exposed to cocaine. Rodent studies suggest that offspring exposed prenatally to cocaine exhibit signs of behavioral abnormalities including increased "emotionality" and neophobia (5,8), and aggression towards an intruder (9). Though these studies employed cross-fostered Copyright © 1995 offspring, another recent study found that untreated offspring fostered to cocaine-treated mothers also displayed higher levels of shock-elicited aggression (6), suggesting a possible postnatal environmental influence.Based on the previous findings of abnormal behavioral responses of fear and aggression in male rats upon reaching puberty or adulthood, respectively (8,9), the present study was undertaken to determine if these kinds of behaviors changes were task or sex related. We hypothesized that the appearance of the behaviors w...

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