The Effect of Ophiopogonin C in Ameliorating Radiation-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in C57BL/6 Mice: An Update Study

Abstract

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess and update the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of Ophiopogonin C (OP-C), a biologically active component separated and purified from Ophiopogon japonicus, in ameliorating radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis in C57BL/6 mice administered thoracic radiation.Methods and MaterialsWe randomly divided 75 mice into five groups and administered a dose of 12-Gy whole thoracic radiation to establish a pulmonary fibrosis animal model. Mice were treated with OP-C or dexamethasone combined with or without cephalexin by daily gavage for 4 weeks. All mice were sacrificed after the completion of thoracic irradiation at 28 weeks. Serum levels of interleukin-6 and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were evaluated. Moreover, superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in lung tissue were measured. The severity of fibrosis was evaluated using the hydroxyproline content of the lung tissue. The pathological changes in the five groups were detected by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome staining. Smooth muscle actin expression was detected using immunohistochemical staining. Matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases-2 (TIMP-2) were examined by immunohistochemical staining of the lung sections, and semiquantitative analysis was used to calculate the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-2.ResultsIrradiated mice treated with OP-C or DXE combined with or without cephalexin significantly reduced mortality in mice and fibrosis levels by 1) reducing the deposition of collagen and accumulation of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts, 2) downgrading levels of the promote-fibrosis cytokine TGF-β1, and 3) increasing SOD activity in the lung tissue compared with that of irradiated mice without treatment. However, there were no statistical differences in fibrosis levels among the irradiated mice treated with OP-C or DXE combined with or without cephalexin.ConclusionOP-C significantly ameliorates radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis and may be a promising therapeutic strategy for this disorder.

Unveiling the Chemical Composition of Sulfur-Fumigated Herbs: A Triple Synthesis Approach Using UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS—A Case Study on Steroidal Saponins in Ophiopogonis Radix

“…In its ESI-MS/MS spectrum, the product-ion at m/z 575 ([M − H − Rha] − ) indicated the presence of the Rha group. According to the literature [21][22][23], there was a Glc group in ophiopogonin C ′ , while NLF of 162 Da was not observed in this experiment. This observation indicated that the Glc group should be directly attached to the core structure, and Rha was attached to the Glc.…”

“…MS 2 [911]: 869(100), 851(58), 737 (21), 779 (10), 723 (8), 652 (6), 719( 6) MS 2 [927]: 885(100), 867(54), 753 (16), 885 (13), 735 (7), 739 (5), 721 (37), 903 (32), 933 (31), 753 (15), 1061 (13), 899 (12), 591(8) (30), 903 (32), 933 (31), 753 (15), 1061 (13), 899 (12), 591 (39), 949 (26), 787 (22), 1077 (15), 769 (15), 915 (13), 607 (10) Hydroxyl-Ophiopogonin J/Ophiopogonin (11), 1033 (9), 1015 (7), 1063 (5), 883(3), 899(1)…”

“…997]: 853(100), 895(7), 835(5), 721(3) Xyl-(S40-S43)O-rha-xyl-fuc? S104-S105 1045.5208 C51H81O22 MS2 [1045]: 833(100), 899(33), 737(22), 719(8719]: 573(100) (1β,3β)-3-Hydroxyspirosta-5,25(27)-dien-1-yl O-6-deoxy-α-L-Rha-(1→2)-β-D-Glc Rha(1→2)glc S107-S108 807.4161 C42H63O15 MS 2 [807]: 719(100), 761(77), 683(13) Ac-(1β,3β)-3-Hydroxyspirosta-5,25(27)-dien-1-yl O-6-deoxy-α-L-Rha-(1→2)-β-D-Glc+ HCOOH Ac-Rha(1→2)glc +HCOOH S109-S112 851.4418 C44H67O16 MS 2 [851]: 719(100), 573(45) (1β,3β)-3-Hydroxyspirosta-5,25(27)-dien-1-yl O-6-deoxy-α-L-Rha-(1→2)-O-[β-D-Xyl-(1→4)]β-D-Fuc/25(R)-spirost-5,8-diene-3β-ol-3-O-α-L-Rha(1→2)-β-D-Xyl(1→4)-β-D-Glc Xyl(1→3)rha(1→2)glc S113-S114 867.4372 C44H67O17 MS 2 [867]: 735(100), 721(3), 523(2), 589(2) (1β,3β)-3-Hydroxyspirosta-5,25(27)-dien-1-yl O-6-deoxy-α-L-Rha-(1→2)-O-[β-D-Xyl-(1→4)]-3β)-3-Hydroxyspirosta-5,25(27)-dien-1-yl O-6-deoxy-α-L-Rha-(1→2)-O-[β-D-Fuc-(1→4)]-851]: 719(100), 573(45) (1β,3β)-3-Hydroxyspirosta-5,25(27)-dien-1-yl O-6-deoxy-α-L-Rha-(1→2)-O-[β-D-Xyl-(1→4)]-β-D-Fuc/25(R)-spirost-5,8-diene-3β-ol-3-O-α-L-Rha(1→2)-β-D-Xyl(1→4)-β-D-Glc Xyl(1→3)rha((27)-dien-1-yl O-6-deoxy-α-L-Rha-(1→2)-O-[β-D-Xyl-(1→4)]-β-D-Glc xyl(1→4)rha(1→2)glc OH? S115 881.4529 C 45 H 69 O 17 MS 2 [881]: 735(100) (1β,3β)-3-Hydroxyspirosta-5,25(27)-dien-1-yl O-6-deoxy-α-L-Rha-(1→2)-O-[β-D-Fuc-(1→4)]-β-D-Glc Rha-glc-fuc OH?…”

“…2 [917]: 771(100), 591(13), 755(3), 429(2)2 [917]: 771(100), 591(22), 755(3)2 [933]: 787(100), 607(34), 445(14) 2 [943]: 883(100), 901(65), 775(16) -Ac-Rha-glc glc S159-S162 959.4846 C47H75O20 MS 2 [959]: 899(100), 917(42) Ac-Ophiofurspiside M/Ophiopojaponin B OH? Rha-glc Glc S163-S164 1033.5213 C50H81O22 MS 2 [1033]: 901(100), 887(42), 883(13), 755(10), 575(5) Ophiopogonin T Rha-xyl-fuc Glc 1033.5213 C50H81O22 MS 2 [1033]: 901(100), 755(50), 887(42), 883(13) Ophiopogoside A Ara-rha-glc Glc 2 [917]: 771(100), 591(13), 755(3), 429(2) Ophiofurspiside M OH Rha-glc Glc 917.4740 C 45 H 73 O 19 MS 2 [917]: 771(100), 591(22), 755(3) Ophiopojaponin B Rha-glc OH Glc…”

A Chinese classical prescription Maimendong decoction in treatment of pulmonary fibrosis: an overview

“…Furthermore, ophiopogonin C can reduce collagen deposition and the accumulation of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts in mice with PF, decrease the levels of pro-fibrotic cytokine TGF-β1, and increase SOD activity in lung tissue. These effects ultimately alleviate mortality and fibrosis levels in mice ( Fu et al, 2022 ).…”