The effect of oral sodium acetate administration on plasma acetate concentration and acid-base state in horses

Waller, Amanda P.; Lindinger, Michael I.

doi:10.1186/1751-0147-49-38

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…In the present study, no clear effect of the F diet on performance was observed, but there was a lowering of postexercise plasma lactate concentration, confirming previous findings for a high-fibre diet (Palmgren-Karlsson et al, 2002). Waller and Lindinger (2007) reported profound plasma alkalosis, that is, a decrease in venous plasma hydrogen concentration and an increase in plasma TCO 2 and HCO 3 2 , after post-exercise oral administration of sodium acetate. These results were confirmed in the present study, where venous pH, TCO 2 and HCO 3 2 concentrations were higher in horses on the F diet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A forage-only diet alters the metabolic response of horses in training

Jansson

Lindberg

2012

Animal

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Most athletic horses are fed a high-starch diet despite the risk of health problems. Replacing starch concentrate with high-energy forage would alleviate these health problems, but could result in a shift in major substrates for muscle energy supply from glucose to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) due to more hindgut fermentation of fibre. Dietary fat inclusion has previously been shown to promote aerobic energy supply during exercise, but the contribution of SCFA to exercise metabolism has received little attention. This study compared metabolic response with exercise and lactate threshold (V La4 ) in horses fed a forage-only diet (F) and a more traditional high-starch, low-energy forage diet (forage-concentrate diet -FC). The hypothesis was that diet F would increase plasma acetate concentration and increase V La4 compared with diet FC. Six Standardbred geldings in race training were used in a 29-day change-over experiment. Plasma acetate, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), lactate, glucose and insulin concentrations and venous pH were measured in samples collected before, during and after a treadmill exercise test (ET, day 25) and muscle glycogen concentrations before and after ET. Plasma acetate concentration was higher before and after exercise in horses on diet F compared with diet FC, and there was a tendency ( P 5 0.09) for increased V La4 on diet F. Venous pH and plasma glucose concentrations during exercise were higher in horses on diet F than diet FC, as was plasma NEFA on the day after ET. Plasma insulin and muscle glycogen concentrations were lower for diet F, but glycogen utilisation was similar for the two diets. The results show that a high-energy, forage-only diet alters the metabolic response to exercise and, with the exception of lowered glycogen stores, appears to have positive rather than negative effects on performance traits.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A forage-only diet alters the metabolic response of horses in training

Jansson

Lindberg

2012

Animal

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“…Additionally, the acetate solution resulted in substantial osmotic and acid–base disturbances owing to its large sodium load (see Waller & Lindinger, 2007), which probably led to the tendency for decreased muscle H 2 O content at 4 h of recovery in the acetate treatment. This intracellular dehydration may have contributed to decreasing the rate of glycogen resynthesis in the acetate treatment, as has been suggested previously in horses (Waller et al 2009), humans (Keller et al 2003) and rats (Low et al 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral acetate supplementation after prolonged moderate intensity exercise enhances early muscle glycogen resynthesis in horses

Waller

Geor

Spriet

et al. 2009

Experimental Physiology

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Oral acetate supplementation enhances glycogen synthesis in some mammals. However, while acetate is a significant energy source for skeletal muscle at rest in horses, its effects on glycogen resynthesis are unknown. We hypothesized that administration of an oral sodium acetateacetic acid solution with a typical grain and hay meal after glycogen-depleting exercise would result in a rapid appearance of acetate in blood with rapid uptake by skeletal muscle. It was further hypothesized that acetate taken up by muscle would be converted to acetyl CoA (and acetylcarnitine), which would be metabolized to CO 2 and water via the tricarboxylic acid cycle, generating ATP within the mitochondria and thereby allowing glucose taken up by muscle to be preferentially incorporated into glycogen. Gluteus medius biopsies and jugular venous blood were sampled from nine exercise-conditioned horses on two separate occasions, at rest and for 24 h following a competition exercise test (CET) designed to simulate the speed and endurance test of a 3 day event. After the CETs, horses were allowed water ad libitum and either 8 l of a hypertonic sodium acetate-acetic acid solution via nasogastric gavage followed by a typical hay-grain meal (acetate treatment) or a hay-grain meal alone (control treatment). The CET significantly decreased muscle glycogen concentration by 21 and 17% in the acetate and control treatments, respectively. Acetate supplementation resulted in a rapid and sustained increase in plasma [acetate]. Skeletal muscle [acetyl CoA] and [acetylcarnitine] were increased at 4 h of recovery in the acetate treatment, suggesting substantial tissue extraction of the supplemented acetate. Acetate supplementation also resulted in an enhanced rate of muscle glycogen resynthesis during the initial 4 h of the recovery period compared with the control treatment; however, by 24 h of recovery there was no difference in glycogen replenishent between trials. It is concluded that oral acetate could be an alternative energy source in the horse.

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“…After absorption in the intestine, the acetate present in the enteral electrolyte solutions is metabolized by the liver and skeletal muscle, where it is converted to acetyl-CoA that enters the cycle and respiratory chain resulting in the consumption of H + ions and consequent production of H 2 O and un-buffered HCO 3 -, so it has an alkalinizing action without changing the pH of the intestinal lumen (KREBS, 1954;PATRA et al, 1982;SEN et al, 2009;WALLER& LINDINGER, 2007;WALLER et al, 2009). The results of the present study agreed with WALLER &LINDINGER (2007) andSEN et al (2009) who observed in calves and adult horses, respectively, that sodium acetate is an efficient alkalinize agent that can be utilized in enteral electrolytes solutions alternatively to sodium bicarbonate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of enteral solutions containing sodium acetate can be an alternative to sodium bicarbonate for the correction of acidosis in sick foals. Sodium acetate metabolism generates the consumption of hydrogen ions in the liver and muscle, without interfering with the pH of the intestinal lumen, making it more suitable for enteral electrolyte solutions compared to sodium bicarbonate (MARSHALL et al, 2008) in calves and horses with acidosis (NAyLOR& FORSyTH, 1986;PETHICK et al, 1993;SEN et al, 2009;WALLER& LINDINGER, 2007;WALLER et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of enteral electrolyte solutions with different sodium acetate concentrations in weaned foals: the effects on acid-base balance, blood glucose, lactate, and urine ph

et al. 2022

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The effects of acetate as an alkalinizing agent in maintenance enteral electrolyte solutions administered by nasogastric route in a continuous flow have not been previously described in weaned foals. This is the second part of a study that evaluated the effects of two electrolyte solutions of enteral therapy fluid in weaned foals. In this part, will be considered the effects of enteral electrolyte solutions containing different acetate concentrations on acid-base balance, blood glucose, lactate and urine pH of weaned foals. This was a controlled trial in a cross-over design performed in six foals with a mean age of 7.3 ± 1.4 months. After 12 h of water and food deprivation, each animal received the following two treatments by nasogastric route in a continuous flow of 15 ml/kg/h during 12 h: HighAcetate (acetate 52 mmol/l) and LowAcetate (acetate 22.6 mmol/l). The HighAcetate treatment was effective in generating a slight increase in blood pH, blood bicarbonate concentration, base excess and urinary pH.

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The effect of oral sodium acetate administration on plasma acetate concentration and acid-base state in horses

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

A forage-only diet alters the metabolic response of horses in training

A forage-only diet alters the metabolic response of horses in training

Oral acetate supplementation after prolonged moderate intensity exercise enhances early muscle glycogen resynthesis in horses

Use of enteral electrolyte solutions with different sodium acetate concentrations in weaned foals: the effects on acid-base balance, blood glucose, lactate, and urine ph

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