The effect of ordered and partially ordered surface topography on bone cell responses: a review

Gui, N; Xu, Wei; Myers, Damian E.; Shukla, Ravi; Tang, HP; Qian, Ma

doi:10.1039/c7bm01016h

Cited by 94 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…Such an optimum topography may benefit osseointegration in vivo . However, further in vivo studies are needed to determine the final implant functionality . An effective design is to introduce a coarse‐porous surface layer into an ultrafine‐grained titanium implant where the latter offers high strength for lightweighting without increasing modulus while the former ensures desired cell responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of the effect of submicron porous and smooth ultrafine‐grained Ti‐20Mo surfaces on osteoblast responses

Gui

Abraham

et al. 2018

J Biomedical Materials Res

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The surface of an orthopaedic implant plays a crucial role in determining the adsorption of proteins and cell functions. A detailed comparative study has been made of the in vitro osteoblast responses to coarse-grained (grain size: 500 μm), ultrafine-grained (grain size: 100 nm), coarse-porous (pore size: 350 nm), and fine-porous (pore size: 155 nm) surfaces of Ti-20Mo alloy. The purpose was to provide essential experimental data for future design of orthopaedic titanium implants for rapid osseointegration. Systematic original experimental data was produced for each type of surfaces in terms of surface wettability, cell morphology, adhesion, growth, and differentiation. Microscopic evidence was collected to reveal the detailed interplay between each characteristic surface with proteins or cells. Various new observations were discussed and compared with literature data. It was concluded that the coarse-porous surfaces offered the optimum topographical environment for osteoblasts and that the combination of ultrafine grains and considerable grain boundary areas is not an effective way to enhance cell growth and osteogenic capacity. Moreover, pore features (size and depth) have a greater effect than smooth surfaces on cell growth and osteogenic capacity. It proves that cells can discern the difference in pore size in the range of 100-350 nm. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2020-2033, 2018.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of the effect of submicron porous and smooth ultrafine‐grained Ti‐20Mo surfaces on osteoblast responses

Gui

Abraham

et al. 2018

J Biomedical Materials Res

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“…It is undisputed that implant surfaces play important roles in regulating protein adsorption and deter-mining subsequent cell responses, including cell attachment, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. 61 However, in vitro studies with cells have suggested osteoconductive potential of surfaces, contradicting in vivo results. 62,63 This is reasonable because the prerequisite for osteoconduction involves placement of the scaffold in a bony bed and additional features, such as vascularization, which are presently lacking in currently available in vitro systems.…”

Section: Osteoconduction and Microarchitecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Reconsidering Osteoconduction in the Era of Additive Manufacturing

Weber

2019

Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews

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Bone regeneration procedures in clinics and bone tissue engineering stand on three pillars: osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and stem cells. In the last two decades, the focus in this field has been on osteoinduction, which is realized by the use of bone morphogenetic proteins and the application of mesenchymal stem cells to treat bone defects. However, osteoconduction was reduced to a surface phenomenon because the supposedly ideal pore size of osteoconductive scaffolds was identified in the 1990s as 0.3-0.5 mm in diameter, forcing bone formation to occur predominantly on the surface. Meanwhile, additive manufacturing has evolved as a new tool to realize designed microarchitectures in bone substitutes, thereby enabling us to study osteoconduction as a true three-dimensional phenomenon. Moreover, by additive manufacturing, wide-open porous scaffolds can be produced in which bone formation occurs distant to the surface at a superior bony defect-bridging rate enabled by highly osteoconductive pores 1.2 mm in diameter. This review provides a historical overview and an updated definition of osteoconduction and related terms. In addition, it shows how additive manufacturing can be instrumental in studying and optimizing osteoconduction of bone substitutes, and provides novel optimized features and boundaries of osteoconductive microarchitectures.

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“…70 As the crystal structure of the oxide layer has been shown to exert direct effects on cellular activity, 68,69 the degree of crystallinity of the nanotubular layer should be routinely assessed to standardize the evaluation of nanotubecontrolled cellular events. 71 In this context, all surfaces investigated in this study displayed the distinctive spectrum of amorphous titania ( Figure 4A), characterized by a broad band and by the absence of sharp peaks associated with the two crystalline phases (i.e., anatase and rutile). 72 This confirms that anodization did not alter the amorphous nature of the native TiO 2 layer.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Tio 2 Layermentioning

confidence: 81%

<p>The Implication of Spatial Statistics in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Response to Nanotubular Architectures</p>

Steeves¹,

Ho²,

Munisso³

et al. 2020

IJN

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Introduction: In recent years there has been ample interest in nanoscale modifications of synthetic biomaterials to understand fundamental aspects of cell-surface interactions towards improved biological outcomes. In this study, we aimed at closing in on the effects of nanotubular TiO 2 surfaces with variable nanotopography on the response on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Although the influence of TiO 2 nanotubes on the cellular response, and in particular on hMSC activity, has already been addressed in the past, previous studies overlooked critical morphological, structural and physical aspects that go beyond the simple nanotube diameter, such as spatial statistics. Methods: To bridge this gap, we implemented an extensive characterization of nanotubular surfaces generated by anodization of titanium with a focus on spatial structural variables including eccentricity, nearest neighbour distance (NND) and Voronoi entropy, and associated them to the hMSC response. In addition, we assessed the biological potential of a twotiered honeycomb nanoarchitecture, which allowed the detection of combinatory effects that this hierarchical structure has on stem cells with respect to conventional nanotubular designs. We have combined experimental techniques, ranging from Scanning Electron (SEM) and Atomic Force (AFM) microscopy to Raman spectroscopy, with computational simulations to characterize and model nanotubular surfaces. We evaluated the cell response at 6 hrs, 1 and 2 days by fluorescence microscopy, as well as bone mineral deposition by Raman spectroscopy, demonstrating substrate-induced differential biological cueing at both the short-and long-term. Results: Our work demonstrates that the nanotube diameter is not sufficient to comprehensively characterize nanotubular surfaces and equally important parameters, such as eccentricity and wall thickness, ought to be included since they all contribute to the overall spatial disorder which, in turn, dictates the overall bioactive potential. We have also demonstrated that nanotubular surfaces affect the quality of bone mineral deposited by differentiated stem cells. Lastly, we closed in on the integrated effects exerted by the superimposition of two dissimilar nanotubular arrays in the honeycomb architecture. Discussion: This work delineates a novel approach for the characterization of TiO 2 nanotubes which supports the incorporation of critical spatial structural aspects that have been overlooked in previous research. This is a crucial aspect to interpret cellular behaviour on nanotubular substrates. Consequently, we anticipate that this strategy will contribute to the unification of studies focused on the use of such powerful nanostructured surfaces not only for biomedical applications but also in other technology fields, such as catalysis.

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The effect of ordered and partially ordered surface topography on bone cell responses: a review

Cited by 94 publications

References 153 publications

A comparative study of the effect of submicron porous and smooth ultrafine‐grained Ti‐20Mo surfaces on osteoblast responses

A comparative study of the effect of submicron porous and smooth ultrafine‐grained Ti‐20Mo surfaces on osteoblast responses

Reconsidering Osteoconduction in the Era of Additive Manufacturing

<p>The Implication of Spatial Statistics in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Response to Nanotubular Architectures</p>

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