The effect of orthodontic appliances on the Oral Candida colonisation: a systematic review

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of Fixed (FOA) and Removable Orthodontic Appliances (ROA) on oral Candida colonisation. Methods: A search for articles published in the English language until September 2021, was carried out using Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Knowledge databases and by applying the search terms “orthodontic” OR “orthodontics” OR “fixed appliance” OR “removable appliance” OR “bracket” OR “removable aligner” AND “Candida” OR “Candidiasis” OR “Candidosis” to identify all potentially relevant human studies. After the removal of duplicate articles and data extraction according to the PICOS scheme, the methodological quality of the included papers was assessed by applying the Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care Criteria for Grading Assessed Studies (SBU). Results: The initial search identified 533 articles, 157 of which were selected by title and abstract. After full-text reading, sixteen articles were selected. The evidence quality for all the studies was moderate. Conclusions: ROA induced a temporary increase of Candida counts from the early stage of treatment but which returned to the pre-treatment level after ROA removal. Contrasting results were reported for FOA treatment which promoted the oral colonisation of non-albicans species, although the most prevalent species was Candida albicans in both groups. This review should be interpreted with caution because of the number, quality, and heterogeneity of the included studies.

Transfer Accuracy of 3D-Printed Customized Devices in Digital Indirect Bonding: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…In fact, the IBT decreases positioning errors due to clinical limitations such as low visibility, limited mouth opening, excessive salivary flow, or patient collaboration [8]. Moreover, during IBT, the reduced salivary contamination and limited chair time enable the containment of aerosol production and minimize personal contact, which are key factors in preventing contamination during orthodontic procedures [9,10].…”