The effect of orthotics on intersegmental foot kinematics and the EMG activity of select lower leg muscles

Garbalosa, Juan C.; Elliott, Bruce; Feinn, Richard; Wedge, Ryan D.

doi:10.1016/j.foot.2015.07.005

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…As aforementioned, reducing the forefoot peak abduction may improve clinical outcomes for symptomatic pronated feet ( Levinger et al, 2010 ; Kerr et al, 2019 ; Zhang et al, 2019 ). However, there is no consensus on which FO component can effectively control forefoot abduction ( Barn et al, 2014 ; Garbalosa et al, 2015 ). Changing FO stiffness with a carbon fiber plate had little effect on forefoot kinematics ( Rao et al, 2010 ; Desmyttere et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immediate effects of forefoot wedges on multi-segment foot kinematics during jogging in recreational runners with a symptomatic pronated foot

Zhang

Vanwanseele²

2023

Front. Physiol.

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Background: Foot orthoses (FOs) have been used to alter lower limb kinematics and kinetics in pronated feet. A clear relationship between FOs’ features, e.g., the amount of wedging and support, and the corresponding biomechanical responses is vital for the design and prescription of FOs. In this study, we sought to determine if changing the level of the forefoot wedge would cause a linear response in the multi-segment foot kinematics during jogging, and if this effect would be enhanced by an arch support.Methods: Ten pairs of 3D printed FOs with five levels of forefoot wedges and two levels of arch supports were tested on 12 recreational runners with a symptomatic pronated foot. Multi-segment foot kinematic data during jogging was measured using the Oxford Foot Model. Two-way ANOVAs were performed to examine the main effect of the forefoot wedge and arch support, as well as their interaction on peak joint angles. Statistical parametric mapping and paired-t tests were used to identify differences in the foot kinematic traces and the joint range of motion (ROM) between each FO and the control, respectively.Results: Linear main effects for the forefoot wedge level were found in the forefoot peak dorsiflexion, eversion and rearfoot peak dorsiflexion of jogging. FOs with a medial forefoot wedge caused an average of 2.5° reduction of the forefoot peak abduction during jogging. Furthermore, forefoot wedges showed an opposite effect on the sagittal ROM of the forefoot and rearfoot. Adding an arch support did not improve the kinematic performance of a forefoot wedge during jogging.Conclusion: This study highlights a linear dose-response effect of a forefoot wedge on forefoot kinematics during jogging, and suggests using a medial forefoot wedge as an anti-pronator component for controlling forefoot motion of a pronated foot.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immediate effects of forefoot wedges on multi-segment foot kinematics during jogging in recreational runners with a symptomatic pronated foot

Zhang

Vanwanseele²

2023

Front. Physiol.

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“…Recent systematic reviews reported conflicting results pertaining to the biomechanical effects of FOs during locomotion [11][12][13]. For example, during gait, previous studies reported that FOs decreased rearfoot eversion [23,25], had no effect on rearfoot eversion [6,29] and even increased rearfoot eversion [24]. These conflicting results could be explained by the large heterogeneity of participants' morphological specificities (e.g., foot types), musculoskeletal status and evaluated tasks across studies [11].…”

Section: Research and Clinical Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thick shells and medially wedged posts increase foot orthoses medial longitudinal arch stiffness: an experimental study

Pelaez

Farahpour

Griffiths

et al. 2023

Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

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Background Foot orthoses (FOs) are commonly prescribed devices to attenuate biomechanical deficits and improve physical function in patients with musculoskeletal disorders. It is postulated that FOs provide their effects through the production of reaction forces at the foot-FOs interface. An important parameter to provide these reaction forces is their medial arch stiffness. Preliminary results suggest that adding extrinsic additions to FOs (e.g., rearfoot posts) increases their medial arch stiffness. A better understanding of how FOs medial arch stiffness can be modulated by changing structural factors is necessary to better customise FOs for patients. The objectives of this study were to compare FOs stiffness and force required to lower the FOs medial arch in three thicknesses and two models (with and without medially wedged forefoot-rearfoot posts). Methods Two models of FOs, 3D printed in Polynylon-11, were used: (1) without extrinsic additions (mFO), and (2) with forefoot-rearfoot posts and a 6o medial wedge (FO6MW). For each model, three thicknesses (2.6 mm, 3.0 mm, and 3.4 mm) were manufactured. FOs were fixed to a compression plate and vertically loaded over the medial arch at a rate of 10 mm/minute. Two-way ANOVAs and Tukey post-hoc tests with Bonferroni corrections were used to compare medial arch stiffness and force required to lower the arch across conditions. Results Regardless of the differing shell thicknesses, the overall stiffness was 3.4 times greater for FO6MW compared to mFO (p < 0.001). FOs with 3.4 mm and 3.0 mm thicknesses displayed 1.3- and 1.1- times greater stiffness than FOs with a thickness of 2.6 mm. FOs with a thickness of 3.4 mm also exhibited 1.1 times greater stiffness than FOs with a thickness of 3.0 mm. Overall, the force to lower the medial arch was up to 3.3 times greater for FO6MW than mFO and thicker FOs required greater force (p < 0.001). Conclusions An increased medial longitudinal arch stiffness is seen in FOs following the addition of 6o medially inclined forefoot-rearfoot posts, and when the shell is thicker. Overall, adding forefoot-rearfoot posts to FOs is significantly more efficient than increasing shell thickness to enhance these variables should that be the therapeutic aim.

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“…It is important to note that there is a lot of work related to electromyography that aims to study pathological conditions or individual muscles in the field of running. However, EMG-related work to study the entire movement has not been reported [34][35][36][37][38]. In addition, there is scientific literature on the construction of muscle activity patterns and muscle synergies [39,40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method for Assessing the Motor Coordination of Runners Based on the Analysis of Multichannel EMGs

Sun

2023

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

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In this paper, we propose a method to evaluate the motor coordination of runners based on the analysis of amplitude and spatiotemporal dynamics of multichannel electromyography. A new diagnostic index for the coordination of runners was proposed, including the amplitude of electromyography, the spatiotemporal stability coefficient, and the symmetry coefficient of muscle force. The motor coordination of 13 professional runners was studied. Detailed anthropometric information was recorded about the professional runners. It has been found that professional athletes are characterized by the stability of movement repetition (more than 83%) and the high degree of symmetry of muscle efforts of the left and right legs (more than 81%) regardless of the changes in load during running at a speed of 8–12 km/hr. Scientific and technological means can support the scientific training of athletes. The end of the Winter Olympic Games has shown us the powerful power of a series of intelligent scientific equipment, including electro-magnetic gun, in sports training. We also look forward to the continuous innovation of these advanced technologies, which will contribute to the intelligent development of sports scientific research.

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The effect of orthotics on intersegmental foot kinematics and the EMG activity of select lower leg muscles

Cited by 11 publications

References 43 publications

Immediate effects of forefoot wedges on multi-segment foot kinematics during jogging in recreational runners with a symptomatic pronated foot

Immediate effects of forefoot wedges on multi-segment foot kinematics during jogging in recreational runners with a symptomatic pronated foot

Thick shells and medially wedged posts increase foot orthoses medial longitudinal arch stiffness: an experimental study

Method for Assessing the Motor Coordination of Runners Based on the Analysis of Multichannel EMGs

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