The
use of contact lenses for the early treatment of bacterial
or fungal keratitis has become a new research focus. Two main requirements
of the therapeutic contact lenses are antimicrobial ability and visible
light transmittance. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), as a nonspecific
antimicrobial component, have been loaded onto contact lenses for
the treatment of bacterial and fungal keratitis. Recently, it was
reported that, via a simple immersion method, AgNPs can be synthesized
and fixed onto the surface of polydopamine (PDA)-coated materials.
However, in this study, we found that the above traditional method
has the disadvantages of poor AgNP loading and low visible light transmittance,
which could be induced by a limited amount of phenolic hydroxyl groups
on and second oxidation of the PDA coating, respectively. To overcome
these disadvantages, in this paper, we provided a facile and novel
method to robustly bind multilayer-AgNPs on contact lens surfaces
by using dopamine as a reducing agent and bioglue. In comparing with
the monolayer-AgNP-loaded contact lenses fabricated by the traditional
method, the multilayer-AgNP-loaded contact lenses had excellent antimicrobial
ability and better visible light transmittance. Moreover, the multilayer-AgNP-loaded
contact lens had low cytotoxicity to human corneal epithelial cells
and anti-inflammation properties. Furthermore, the shortcoming of
decreasing visible light transmittance induced by excess adherence
of AgNPs on the multilayer-AgNP-loaded contact lens was alleviated
by decreasing the size of AgNPs through altering the concentration
of dopamine and AgNO3. Contact lenses loaded with small
AgNPs (Ag@PDA-2.5, diameter ≈ 25–50 nm) had approximately
the same Ag+ release and antimicrobial abilities, but significantly
better visible light transmittance and anti-inflammatory properties
than the contact lenses loaded with large AgNPs (Ag@PDA-5, diameter
≈ 50–75 nm). After that, in vivo testing
indicated the promising therapeutic strategy of multilayer-AgNP-loaded
contact lenses (Ag@PDA-2.5) for early bacterial keratitis and fungal
keratitis. In addition, PDA coating could provide reactive sites to
immobilize other biomolecules or drugs on this multilayer-AgNP-loaded
contact lens for further combination therapies in treating bacterial
or fungal keratitis. Finally, the stability of the visible light transmittance
of the multilayer-AgNP-loaded contact lens was detected. The visible
light transmittance of Ag@PDA-2.5 was weakened after being cultured
with an extremely high concentration of bacteria, while it was stable
in the moderate work environment. Though PDA coating had been wildly
used to modify implantation devices, however, few studies about PDA
coating modified contact lenses have been reported so far. Therefore,
this research also provides an important basis for using PDA coating
to modify a therapeutic contact lens.