The effect of pair-induced energy transfer on the performance of silica waveguide amplifiers with high Er/sup 3+//Yb/sup 3+/ concentrations

Federighi, M.; Pasquale, F. Di

doi:10.1109/68.372753

Cited by 94 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…By applying Yb co-doping the pumping efficiency can be increased and the device length shortened in both Er-doped waveguide amplifiers and lasers. The optimum concentrations and doping ratio have been investigated theoretically [124,206,207,209,220], resulting in typical Yb:Er concentration ratios of 1:1 to 10:1. Besides Yb, other rare-earth co-dopants, such as Tm (1460-1530 nm, 1700-2100 nm) and Pr (1300-1400 nm), can be utilized for extending or adding additional amplification bandwidth [221].…”

Section: Laser and Photonics Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erbium‐doped integrated waveguide amplifiers and lasers

Bradley

Pollnau

2010

Laser & Photonics Reviews

325

161

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Erbium-doped fiber devices have been extraordinarily successful due to their broad optical gain around 1.5-1.6 μm. Er-doped fiber amplifiers enable efficient, stable amplification of high-speed, wavelength-division-multiplexed signals, thus continue to dominate as part of the backbone of longhaul telecommunications networks. At the same time, Er-doped fiber lasers see many applications in telecommunications as well as in biomedical and sensing environments. Over the last 20 years significant efforts have been made to bring these advantages to the chip level. Device integration decreases the overall size and cost and potentially allows for the combination of many functions on a single tiny chip. Besides technological issues connected to the shorter device lengths and correspondingly higher Er concentrations required for high gain, the choice of appropriate host material as well as many design issues come into play in such devices. In this contribution the important developments in the field of Er-doped integrated waveguide amplifiers and lasers are reviewed and current and future potential applications are explored. The vision of integrating such Er-doped gain devices with other, passive materials platforms, such as silicon photonics, is discussed.

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Section: Laser and Photonics Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erbium‐doped integrated waveguide amplifiers and lasers

Bradley

Pollnau

2010

Laser & Photonics Reviews

325

161

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“…[21] and in ZBLAN [22] and silica [23] glasses with relatively low concentration of Yb 3+ . In Er 3+ :YbAG every erbium ion has ytterbium ions as the nearest neighbors, so the effect of the Yb 3+ -Er 3+ interaction on the efficiency and the dynamics of up-conversion are expected to be strong.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 98%

Up‐conversion mechanisms in Er³⁺ doped YbAG crystals

Kaczkan¹,

Borowska²,

Malinowski³

et al. 2009

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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Up‐conversion phenomena leading to the red, green and violet emissions in erbium doped ytterbium‐aluminum garnet (YbAG) are investigated. Absorption and emission spectra and luminescence dynamics from various excited states of YbAG:Er3+ were registered. The low temperature absorption spectra were used to determine Stark levels energies of Er3+ ion in the investigated host. Emissions from the high lying excited states 2G9/2, 4S3/2 and 4F9/2 of Er3+ were characterized under pulsed multi‐photon IR excitation in the region of wavelength corresponding to the strong 2F7/2 → 2F5/2 absorption transition of Yb3+ ions. Using the rate equations formalism the dynamics of the observed emissions were modeled. From the comparison of the measured and calculated decays the energy transfer rates between Yb3+ and Er3+ ions were evaluated. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

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“…For example, using net factors such as Al 2 O 3 and P 2 O 5 can separate Yb 3+ ions between each other so as to improve the solubility of Yb 3+ ions in porous layer [9][10][11] . Since co-doping Al 3+ can loosen the network structure of porous layer to improve the solubility of Yb 3+ ions, the absorption coefficient of YDF#2 was increased nearly 100dB/m.…”

Section: Effect Of Al 3+ On Ydfmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of co-doping GeO 2 and Al³⁺on ytterbium-doped silica-based fiber

Wang

Yan

et al. 2007

SPIE Proceedings

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Four types of YDFs with different Al 3+ concentration and mole content of GeO 2 were manufactured and the refractive index and absorption spectra of these fibers were explored. With the comparison of four YDFs and detailed analyze, it was found that higher Al 3+ concentration leads to more GeO 2 volatilization, which results in the refractive index decrease. Therefore, mole content of GeO 2 should be increased when co-doping Al 3+ in YDF to maintain numerical aperture. Meanwhile, the temperature of making porous layer should be controlled exactly to obtain good repetition of Al 3+ -codoped YDF as the little change of temperature has little effect on mole content of GeO 2 and S i O 2 but has great effect on compactness of porous layer. By drawing the fiber and testing the related parameters, the results show that the optimum temperature range for making soot layer should between 1440℃ and 1480℃ where the absorption coefficients were as high as 620dB/m with better repeatability. Finally, the ratio of GeO 2 to S i O 2 should be controlled to obtain long fluorescence lifetime for fabricating highly ytterbium-doped fiber with required numerical aperture.

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The effect of pair-induced energy transfer on the performance of silica waveguide amplifiers with high Er/sup 3+//Yb/sup 3+/ concentrations

Cited by 94 publications

References 10 publications

Erbium‐doped integrated waveguide amplifiers and lasers

Erbium‐doped integrated waveguide amplifiers and lasers

Up‐conversion mechanisms in Er³⁺ doped YbAG crystals

The effects of co-doping GeO 2 and Al³⁺on ytterbium-doped silica-based fiber

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The effect of pair-induced energy transfer on the performance of silica waveguide amplifiers with high Er/sup 3+//Yb/sup 3+/ concentrations

Cited by 94 publications

References 10 publications

Erbium‐doped integrated waveguide amplifiers and lasers

Erbium‐doped integrated waveguide amplifiers and lasers

Up‐conversion mechanisms in Er3+ doped YbAG crystals

The effects of co-doping GeO 2 and Al3+on ytterbium-doped silica-based fiber

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Up‐conversion mechanisms in Er³⁺ doped YbAG crystals

The effects of co-doping GeO 2 and Al³⁺on ytterbium-doped silica-based fiber