The Effect of Paper on the Detection Limit of Paper-Based Potentiometric Chloride Sensors

Herrero, Eliza J.; Troudt, Blair K.; Bühlmann, Philippe

doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02261

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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Section: Mechanisms Of Environmental Water Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The potential difference across the ion-selective membrane is indicative of the concentration of the target ion in the solution, which can be described by the Nernst equation. 58 Several examples of lowcost paper-based potentiometric sensors based on ISEs have been reported for chloride, 59 cadmium, silver, sodium, 60 and heavy metals. 61 Microfluidic sensors integrate fluid handling, sample processing, and sensing elements within miniaturized devices to enable rapid and efficient water quality analysis.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Environmental Water Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensors for Emerging Water Contaminants: Overcoming Roadblocks to Innovation

Ateia,

Wei,

Andreescu

2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Ensuring water quality and safety requires the effective detection of emerging contaminants, which present significant risks to both human health and the environment. Field deployable low-cost sensors provide solutions to detect contaminants at their source and enable large-scale water quality monitoring and management. Unfortunately, the availability and utilization of such sensors remain limited. This Perspective examines current sensing technologies for detecting emerging contaminants and analyzes critical barriers, such as high costs, lack of reliability, difficulties in implementation in real-world settings, and lack of stakeholder involvement in sensor design. These technical and nontechnical barriers severely hinder progression from proof-of-concepts and negatively impact user experience factors such as ease-of-use and actionability using sensing data, ultimately affecting successful translation and widespread adoption of these technologies. We provide examples of specific sensing systems and explore key strategies to address the remaining scientific challenges that must be overcome to translate these technologies into the field such as improving sensitivity, selectivity, robustness, and performance in real-world water environments. Other critical aspects such as tailoring research to meet end-users' requirements, integrating cost considerations and consumer needs into the early prototype design, establishing standardized evaluation and validation protocols, fostering academia-industry collaborations, maximizing data value by establishing data sharing initiatives, and promoting workforce development are also discussed. The Perspective describes a set of guidelines for the development, translation, and implementation of water quality sensors to swiftly and accurately detect, analyze, track, and manage contamination.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Environmental Water Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanisms Of Environmental Water Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensors for Emerging Water Contaminants: Overcoming Roadblocks to Innovation

Ateia,

Wei,

Andreescu

2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…These results suggest the use of Ti/Ag/AgCl reference electrodes for long-term measurement applications, in which frequent recalibration is difficult. The very low volumetric flow rate of electrolyte from free-flowing capillary-based Ti/Ag/ AgCl reference electrodes into samples also makes these reference electrode very suited for microfluidic systems and other system with small sample sizes, 28 providing high potential stability and preventing contamination of the reference electrode over longer time periods in spite of the small sample volumes. Further miniaturization of such electrodes may be possible by the use of an internal constant pressure source, eliminating the need for a gas line connection.…”

Section: ■ Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the potential did not depend on the pH over a large pH range. Ti/Ag/AgCl inner reference elements were also built into capillary-based reference electrodes, which are notable for their highly stable and contaminant-resistant free-flowing liquid junction that is compatible with very small sample volumes . For reference electrodes with such exceptionally low drift of the half-cell potential, it is important that the potentiometer itself can be excluded as a significant contributor to drift, which is why in this work the contribution of the potentiometer to such drift was also quantified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microporous Ag/AgCl on a Titanium Scaffold for Use in Capillary Reference Electrodes

Robinson,

Troudt,

Bühlmann

2024

Anal. Chem.

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AgCl-coated silver fabricated with the thermalelectrolytic method can be used to prepare more reproducible reference electrodes than Ag/AgCl prepared with alternative methods such as electrolytic and chemical AgCl deposition or thermal fabrication. However, thermal-electrolytic fabrication requires a scaffold material upon which to build the layers upon. Platinum and rhodium have been used for this purpose as they are mechanically strong and chemically inert, but their cost is prohibitive for wider application. Herein, we report the stability of Ag/AgCl reference electrodes built atop a titanium scaffold using the thermal-electrolytic method and the use of these Ti/Ag/ AgCl constructs in capillary-based reference electrodes. Electrochemical characterization shows that the probable presence of small amounts of oxygen at the Ti/Ag interface does not affect the reference electrode performance; in particular, over a wide pH range, the half-cell potential is pH independent. The electrical resistance of the Ti/Ag/AgCl/KCl system is dominated by the charge transfer resistance at the interface of the AgCl to KCl solution but is kept very small by the large AgCl surface area and a high solution concentration of chloride. The resulting high exchange current minimizes the effect of system impurities on the reference half-cell potential. Capillary-based reference electrodes comprising Ti/Ag/AgCl show exceptionally low potential drifts (as low as 0.03 ± 2.01 μV/h) and standard deviations of the potential at or below ±0.5 mV over a 60 h period. These capillary-based reference electrodes are suitable for very small sample volumes while still providing a free-flowing liquid junction that prevents reference electrode contamination.

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“…Besides, the limit of detection (LOD), 38 as defined by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), was estimated by the formula:…”

Section: Electrochemical Detection Of Dichlorvosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical analysis of harmful dichlorvos insecticides based on a high‐performance composite sensor

Luo,

Su,

Yang

et al. 2024

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUNDOrganophosphorus pesticides (OPs) were used in large quantities, and pesticide residues have caused different degrees of environmental pollution. Because the current laboratory detection techniques cannot meet the requirements of quickly and accurately monitoring pesticide concentration, there is an urgent need for a portable and accurate method to trace pesticide residues. This paper reports an effective electrochemical sensor composed of ZrO2@PDA electrode material and glassy carbon electrode (GCE).RESULTSThis sensor displayed optimal selectivity for dichloride among various OPs with a low limit of detection (LOD = 1.318 × 10−3 mg L−1). Wherein the accuracy and reliability of this electrochemical sensor were verified through the standard method of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) (p = 0.977 > 0.05), as well as the stability and anti‐interference capabilities. In addition, the results of recovery experiments have shown that the recovery rate of the electrochemical sensor for dichlorvos ranged from 89.2% to 103.8%, with RSD less than 5%, indicating its practical application in the actual sample detection.CONCLUSIONSFinally, the portable sensing platform for on‐site analysis of dichlorvos concentration in farmland water samples was also demonstrated with excellent results. All the results suggested that the prepared ZrO2@PDA composites could serve as a prospective microchip sensor for the on‐site detection of dichlorvos. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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The Effect of Paper on the Detection Limit of Paper-Based Potentiometric Chloride Sensors

Cited by 6 publications

References 50 publications

Sensors for Emerging Water Contaminants: Overcoming Roadblocks to Innovation

Sensors for Emerging Water Contaminants: Overcoming Roadblocks to Innovation

Microporous Ag/AgCl on a Titanium Scaffold for Use in Capillary Reference Electrodes

Electrochemical analysis of harmful dichlorvos insecticides based on a high‐performance composite sensor

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