The effect of parallax on eye fixation parameter in projection-based stereoscopic displays

Lin, Chiuhsiang Joe; Widyaningrum, Retno

doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2017.12.020

Cited by 19 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…On average, computed vergence distance was about 3 cm shorter than object distance as specified by binocular disparity and familiar size. On the one hand, this is not surprising as other researchers have also found non-perfect vergence distances and considerable individual differences [35, 70–72]. On the other hand, however, we had measured more precise vergence distances in earlier experiments using the same toolbox [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Size matters: How reaching and vergence movements are influenced by the familiar size of stereoscopically presented objects

Schubert¹,

Jung²,

Helmert³

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The knowledge about the usual size of objects—familiar size—is known to be a taken into account for distance perception. The influence of familiar size on action programming is less clear and has not yet been tested with regard to vergence eye movements. In two experiments, we stereoscopically presented everyday objects, such as a credit card or a package of paper tissues, and varied the distance as specified by binocular disparity and the distance as specified by familiar size. Participants had to fixate the shown object and subsequently reach towards it either with open or with closed eyes. When binocular disparity and familiar size were in conflict, reaching movements revealed a combination of the two depth cues with individually different weights. The influence of familiar size was larger when no visual feedback was available during the reaching movement. Vergence movements closely followed binocular disparity and were largely unaffected by familiar size. In sum, the results suggest that in this experimental setting familiar size is taken into account for programming and executing reaching movements while vergence movements are primarily based on binocular disparity.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Size matters: How reaching and vergence movements are influenced by the familiar size of stereoscopically presented objects

Schubert¹,

Jung²,

Helmert³

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…On the other hand, the eye movement behaviors were recorded by Tobii eye tracking system (X2‐60, 60 Hz), and then the saccades count and eye movement velocities were computed. The eye tracker device used a Velocity‐Threshold Identification (I‐VT) for the fixation filer settings, with tracking accuracy of 0.4° of visual angle, 36 and Tobii Studio was used to analyze the eye movement data. Furthermore, participants had rated their visual conditions using 32,33 questionnaire that comprises seven items: (a) I have difficulties of seeing; (b) My eyelids are heavy; (c) I feel eye strain; (d) I have burning eyes; (e) I have a headache; (f) My eyes feel dry; and (g) I feel dizzy looking at the screen.…”

Section: Methods and Experimental Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of monocular near‐to‐eye display positions for a navigation task

2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Wearable computers with near‐eye‐displays (NEDs) are expected to be fundamental components of the future smart systems, for which several companies are concurrently working. NEDs are designed and commercially available with different display locations; at the top, middle, or bottom of one of the eyes. It is not known how the location of displays and the nature of tasks would influence the comfort of users. In this study, the effects of display positions and the number of turns on visual discomfort of wearing NEDs during navigation tasks were evaluated. The experiment considered four display positions and three number of turns for 2D maze navigation tasks. The eye movement data were recorded by using a Tobii eye tracker, and then blink rates, eye movement velocities, saccades rates, and subjective ratings were analyzed. The results have shown that the blink rates, saccades rate, and eye movement velocities were sensitive to the positions of the displays, where the top‐right was marginally more comfortable display position. However, subjective ratings did not show significant differences. It is concluded that monocular NEDs can be used for shorter duration navigation tasks, with a reasonably acceptable level of visual comfort.

show abstract

“…Parallax creates binocular disparity in the human visual system that gives a stereoscopic effect of depth with each eye receiving an image similar, but not identical, to that of a real spatial vision (Fuchs, 2017). One common device to evaluate the effectiveness of projection-based stereoscopic display is eye tracker (Lin & Widyaningrum, 2016;Lin & Widyaningrum, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Direct effects are the relationship linking two parameters with a single path and indirect effects are those relationships that involve a sequence of relationships with at least one intervening parameter involved (Hair et al, 2006). Two of our previous studies collected several eye movement parameters in projection-based stereoscopic display which consist of eye gaze movement time (EMT), fixation duration (FD), time to first fixation (TFF), number of fixation (NF), and eye gaze accuracy (AC) (Lin & Widyaningrum, 2016;Lin & Widyaningrum, 2018). Our previous one-way repeated ANOVA analysis must decompose chains of relationships among three or more constructs into tests of relationships to derive the mediating effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The purpose of the current study is to analyze the interrelationship among eye movement parameters in projection-based stereoscopic display by utilizing SEM approach. The interrelationship among variables could be used to predict AC, which was defined as the distance between the recorded fixation locations and the actual location of the projection of the image (Lin & Widyaningrum, 2018). In terms of engineering application, AC is one of the most important eye movement parameters and commonly used as the performance evaluation of eye tracker since it can be an objective indicator to distinguish good and bad designs (Ooms et al, 2015;Lin et al, 2014;Lin & Widyaningrum, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Eye movement parameters for performance evaluation in projection-based stereoscopic display

Lin

Prasetyo

Widyaningrum

2018

JEMR

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The current study applied Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze the relationship among index of difficulty (ID) and parallax on eye movement time (EMT), fixation duration (FD), time to first fixation (TFF), number of fixation (NF), and eye gaze accuracy (AC) simultaneously. EMT, FD, TFF, NF, and AC were measured in the projection-based stereoscopic display by utilizing Tobii eye tracker system. SEM proved that ID had significant direct effects on EMT, NF, and FD also a significant indirect effect on NF. However, ID was found not a strong predictor for AC. SEM also proved that parallax had significant direct effects on EMT, NF, FD, TFF, and AC. Apart from the direct effect, parallax also had significant indirect effects on NF and AC. Regarding the interrelationship among dependent variables, there were significant indirect effects of FD and TFF on AC. Our results concluded that higher AC was achieved by lowering parallax (at the screen), longer EMT, higher NF, longer FD, and longer TF,

show abstract

The effect of parallax on eye fixation parameter in projection-based stereoscopic displays

Cited by 19 publications

References 33 publications

Size matters: How reaching and vergence movements are influenced by the familiar size of stereoscopically presented objects

Size matters: How reaching and vergence movements are influenced by the familiar size of stereoscopically presented objects

A study of monocular near‐to‐eye display positions for a navigation task

Eye movement parameters for performance evaluation in projection-based stereoscopic display

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About