The Effect of Parasitism byFasciola hepaticaandMuellerius capillarison the Nerve Ganglia ofLymnaea truncatula

Szmidt-Adjidé, Valérie; Rondelaud, D.; Dreyfuss, G.; Cabaret, Jacques

doi:10.1006/jipa.1996.0045

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…However, another hypothesis, based on a progressive decrease in the number of the snail ganglionic neurons through the successive generations of infected snails originating from already infected parents, cannot be excluded. This interpretation is supported with the report by Szmidt-Adjidé et al [52] on the numbers of neurons in the model G. truncatula/F. hepatica .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Adaptation of Lymnaea fuscus and Radix balthica to Fasciola hepatica through the experimental infection of several successive snail generations

et al. 2014

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BackgroundHigh prevalence of Fasciola hepatica infection (>70%) was noted during several outbreaks before the 2000s in several French farms where Galba truncatula is lacking. Other lymnaeids such as Lymnaea fuscus, L. glabra and/or Radix balthica are living in meadows around these farms but only juvenile snails can sustain complete larval development of F. hepatica while older snails were resistant. The low prevalence of infection (<20%) and limited cercarial production (<50 cercariae per infected snail) noted with these juveniles could not explain the high values noted in these cattle herds. As paramphistomosis due to Calicophoron daubneyi was not still noted in these farms, the existence of another mode of infection was hypothesized. Experimental infection of several successive generations of L. glabra, originating from eggs laid by their parents already infected with this parasite resulted in a progressive increase in prevalence of snail infection and the number of shed cercariae. The aim of this paper was to determine if this mode of snail infection was specific to L. glabra, or it might occur in other lymnaeid species such as L. fuscus and R. balthica.MethodsFive successive generations of L. fuscus and R. balthica were subjected to individual bimiracidial infections in the laboratory. Resulting rediae and cercariae in the first four generations were counted after snail dissection at day 50 p.e. (20°C), while the dynamics of cercarial shedding was followed in the F5 generation.ResultsIn the first experiment, prevalence and intensity of F. hepatica infection in snails progressively increased from the F1 (R. balthica) or F2 (L. fuscus) generation. In the second experiment, the prevalence of F. hepatica infection and the number of shed cercariae were significantly lower in L. fuscus and R. balthica (without significant differences between both lymnaeids) than in G. truncatula.ConclusionThe F. hepatica infection of several successive snail generations, coming from parents infected with this parasite, resulted in a progressive increase in prevalence and intensity of snail infection. This may explain high prevalence of fasciolosis noted in several cattle-breeding farms when the common snail host of this digenean, G. truncatula, is lacking.

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“…However, another hypothesis, based on a progressive decrease in the number of the snail ganglionic neurons through the successive generations of infected snails originating from already infected parents, cannot be excluded. This interpretation is supported with the report by Szmidt-Adjidé et al [52] on the numbers of neurons in the model G. truncatula/F. hepatica .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Adaptation of Lymnaea fuscus and Radix balthica to Fasciola hepatica through the experimental infection of several successive snail generations

et al. 2014

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“…However, another hypothesis, based on a progressive decrease in the number of the snail ganglionic neurons through the successive generations of infected snails originating from already infected parents, cannot be completely excluded. An argument supporting this last interpretation came from the report by Szmidt-Adjidé et al (1996) on the numbers of neurons in the cerebroid and pedal ganglia of F. hepatica -infected G. truncatula . According to these authors, each dorsal lobe of the cerebroid ganglia contained a mean of 307 neurons at day 60 pe in infected G. truncatula (instead of 584 per dorsal lobe in unexposed controls).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…According to these authors, each dorsal lobe of the cerebroid ganglia contained a mean of 307 neurons at day 60 pe in infected G. truncatula (instead of 584 per dorsal lobe in unexposed controls). In the same way, the mean numbers of neurons at day 60 were 98 and 440 per pedal ganglion in infected snails and controls, respectively (Szmidt-Adjidé et al, 1996). If this neuronal death also exists in the corresponding ganglia of infected L. glabra, these ganglia would gradually secrete a lower quantity of neuromediators through successive generations of infected snails, thus inducing a progressive change in the mechanisms of immune system response to the parasite and a progressive lifting of the bottleneck exerted by the snail on larval development of the parasite.…”

Section: Populationmentioning

confidence: 89%

Lymnaea glabra: progressive increase in susceptibility toFasciola hepaticathrough successive generations of experimentally infected snails

et al. 2014

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Experimental infections of Lymnaea glabra (two populations) with Fasciola hepatica were carried out during seven successive snail generations, to determine if prevalence and intensity of snail infection increased over time through descendants of snails already infected with F. hepatica. Controls were descendants coming from uninfected parents and infected according to the same protocol. No larval forms were found in the bodies of control snails coming from uninfected parents. In contrast, prevalence and intensity of F. hepatica infection in snails originating from infected parents progressively increased from the F2 or F3 to the F6 generation of L. glabra. In another experiment carried out with the F7 generations of L. glabra and a single generation of Galba truncatula (as controls), the prevalence of F. hepatica infection and the total number of cercariae were lower in L. glabra (without significant differences between both populations). If the number of cercariae shed by infected snails was compared to overall cercarial production noted in snails containing cercariae but dying without emission, the percentage was greater in G. truncatula (69% instead of 52-54% in L. glabra). Even if most characteristics of F. hepatica infection were lower in L. glabra, prevalence and intensity of parasite infection increased with snail generation when tested snails came from infected parents. This mode of snail infection with F. hepatica suggests an explanation for cases of fasciolosis occurring in cattle-breeding farms where paramphistomosis is lacking and G. truncatula is absent.

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“…Larvae cause localized damage to surrounding tissue and are usually encapsulated by the host (Harris and Cheng, 1975 a, b;Rachford, 1976 b ;Hourdin et al 1990). Changes in the dimensions of nerve ganglia as well as neural lesions have also been reported in infected molluscs (Szmidt-Adjide et al 1996) possibly related to parasite-associated tissue necrosis (Hourdin et al 1990). Specific studies on Angiostrongylus spp.…”

Section: Pathology Of Infection To Molluscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aquatic molluscs as auxiliary hosts for terrestrial nematode parasites: implications for pathogen transmission in a changing climate

Morley

2010

Parasitology

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Nematodes are common parasites of molluscs but are often overlooked. Both metastrongyloid and rhabditoid species dominate the fauna within land snail and slug populations. Nevertheless, a key characteristic of many laboratory studies is the ability of these terrestrial nematodes to utilize aquatic molluscs as auxiliary hosts. The significance of this to the ecology of the parasite has never been evaluated. There is increasing concern as to the impact of climate change on the epidemiology of many parasitic diseases. In particular, it has been suggested that host switching may increase under the pressure of extreme climatic conditions. It is therefore timely to assess the role that aquatic molluscs may play in transmitting terrestrial nematodes, which include species of medical and veterinary importance such as Angiostrongylus cantonensis, A. vasorum, and Muellerius capillaris. The present review assesses the mechanisms of terrestrial nematode transmission through aquatic molluscs focusing on metastrongyloid and rhabditoid species, the importance of variable susceptibility of molluscan hosts, field studies on natural occurrence within aquatic habitats, and the impact of extreme climatic events (floods and droughts) that may increase in frequency under climate change.

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The Effect of Parasitism byFasciola hepaticaandMuellerius capillarison the Nerve Ganglia ofLymnaea truncatula

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Adaptation of Lymnaea fuscus and Radix balthica to Fasciola hepatica through the experimental infection of several successive snail generations

Adaptation of Lymnaea fuscus and Radix balthica to Fasciola hepatica through the experimental infection of several successive snail generations

Lymnaea glabra: progressive increase in susceptibility toFasciola hepaticathrough successive generations of experimentally infected snails

Aquatic molluscs as auxiliary hosts for terrestrial nematode parasites: implications for pathogen transmission in a changing climate

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