The effect of parental style on bullying and cyber bullying behaviors and the mediating role of peer attachment relationships: A longitudinal study

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was the examination of the longitudinal effect of parental style on short-term changes in conventional and cyber forms of bullying/victimization, and the investigation of the mediating role of peer attachment relationships on this effect. The participants were 861 children and adolescents (52% girls, M = 11.72 years) attending Cyprus public institutions. Students provided information during three measurement points. There was a six and a 12 week interval among the three measurement points, respectively. The findings of the study indicated that parenting seems to be a significant predictor of all forms of bullying/victimization, conventional and cyber, in early adolescents, even when accounting for bullying/victimization levels eighteen weeks back. More importantly, results showed that the effect of parental style on bullying forms was mediated by peer attachment relationships. Results are discussed in the light of theoretical and practical implications.

Influence of Family Variables on Cyberbullying Perpetration and Victimization: A Systematic Literature Review

“…Garaigordobil and Machimbarrena (2017) discovered that cybervictims had parents with higher parental stress, who used more permissive educational styles, whereas cyberaggressors had parents with lower levels of parental competence. Charalampous et al (2018) indicated that parental style seemed to affect early adolescents' involvement in cyberbullying and victimization through their influence on peer attachment relationships. More specifically, Govender and Young (2018) noted that authoritarian parenting was significantly and moderately correlated with cyberbullying perpetration.…”

“…The works studied analyzing the influence of parental educational styles on cyberbullying perpetration and victimization (Charalampous et al 2018;Garaigordobil and Machimbarrena 2017;Govender and Young 2018;Shams et al 2017;Vale et al 2018;Zurcher et al 2018) focused mainly on authoritarian and permissive styles. On the one hand, Govender and Young (2018), Shams et al (2017), andZurcher et al (2018) agree that the authoritarian educational style has a positive relationship with cyberbullying perpetration.…”

“…al. 2017;Boniel-Nissim and Sasson 2018;Charalampous et al 2018;Chen et al 2018;Doty et al 2017;Giménez et al 2017;Gómez et al 2017;Govender and Young 2018;Ho et al 2017;Hong et al 2018;Hood and Duffy 2018;Larrañaga et al 2016;Lee and Shin 2017;Mobin et al 2017;Sasson and Mesch 2017;Stavrinides et al 2018;Vale et al 2018;Vazsonyi et al 2017;Wright 2017;Zurcher et al 2018). However, there were 6 more studies (17%) which took into account dynamic variables(Bevilacqua et al 2017;Beyazit et al 2017;Buelga et al 2017;Garaigordobil and Machimbarrena 2017;Le et al 2017;Shams et al 2017).…”

Mindfulness, impulsivity, and moral disengagement as parameters of bullying and victimization at school

“…Consequently, and because of the concept's importance, several studies have been designed to more clearly understand the mechanisms involved in bullying activity and to identify its parameters (Hymel & Swearer, ). Some of the parameters identified so far are interpersonal, such as parental styles and cultural values in the family of origin (Charalambous et al, ; Georgiou, Fousiani, Michaelides, & Stavrinides, ; Georgiou, Ioannou, & Stavrinides, , ), while others are intrapersonal and have to do with individual characteristics such as impulsivity, mindfulness, and moral disengagement (Neumann, Barker, Koot, & Maughan, ; Borders, Earleywine, & Jajodia, ; Fix & Fix, ; Hoaken, Shaughnessy, & Pihl, ; Thornberg & Jungert, ).…”

Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku bullying

“…Keluarga merupakan faktor yang penting bagi bullying, faktor keluarga yang mempengaruhi bullying diantaranya rendahnya fungsi keluarga (Mazzone & Camodeca, 2019) dan pola asuh (Charalampous, Demetriou, Tricha, Ioannou, Georgiou, Nikiforou, & Stavrinides, 2018). Pola asuh yang berpengaruh positif pada perilaku bullying adalah pola asuh otiriter (Bostari & Karagianni, 2014), hal tersebut karena pola asuh otoriter ditunjukan dengan orangtua yang melakukan penghukuman, bentuk hukuman yang diberikan merupakan bentuk kekerasan fisik dan psikologis, melakukan kekerasan untuk menyelesaikan konflik sehingga anak mempresepsikan bahwa orangtuanya tidak sensitif terhadap perasaannya.…”