The Effect of Partial Bladder Outlet Obstruction on Carbonyl and Nitrotyrosine Distribution in Rabbit Bladder

Juan, Yung‐Shun; Lin, Wei‐Yu; Kalorin, Carmin; Kogan, Barry A.; Levin, Robert M.; Mannikarottu, Anita

doi:10.1016/j.urology.2007.09.047

Cited by 41 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…26) Increased production of reactive species is responsible for bladder oxidative stress in the state of ischemia/reperfusion in which depriving oxygen supply (ischemia) followed by re-oxygenation (reperfusion) induces their excessive production. 27) Finally the excessive activation of endogenous systems producing reactive species, e.g., inducible nitric oxide synthase or myeloperoxidase, can also contribute to the development of oxidative stress in bladder. 3,4,8,9,13) Organisms need to adapt to these physiological and pathological conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The in vivo rabbit model of partial outlet obstruction, in which ischemia/reperfusion is the basic mechanism of oxidative stress, showed that lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation/nitration were greater in mucosa than in muscular layer. 15,27) Since the metabolic rate (phosphate degradation) and blood flow are significantly greater in mucosa than in muscles, the vulnerability of mucosa to ischemia, with consequent oxidative stress, is probably higher. The higher oxidative damage in mucosa could also arise from redox active toxins present in the urine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antioxidant Levels in the Pig Urinary Bladder: Distribution within the Bladder Wall and in the Urothelium Derived from Different Bladder Regions

Vovk

Bogataj

Mrhar

2009

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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There is increasing evidence indicating that oxidative stress is associated with various urinary bladder disorders. Oxygen and nitrogen reactive species formed during oxidative stress can produce oxidative cellular damage which can lead to urinary bladder dysfunction. To cope with reactive species, biological systems possess a range of defence mechanisms, the first line of which are antioxidants. Under physiological conditions, antioxidants are kept in balance with the production of reactive species to prevent cell damage. However, when production of reactive species is increased or the levels of antioxidants are diminished, the antioxidant defence is exceeded and oxidative damage of cellular macromolecules occurs.Oxidative stress of the urinary bladder, as a consequence of increased production of reactive species, is mostly studied in relation to nitric oxide. Increased production of nitric oxide or expression of nitric oxide synthase has been demonstrated in bladder tumour cells, partial bladder obstruction, urinary tract infection, cystitis and ischemia/reperfusion. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] On the other hand, decreased antioxidant enzymes levels, as well of low molecular weight antioxidants, have also been reported in urinary bladder cancer, urolithiasis, and sepsis. [10][11][12][13] The inevitable consequence of such conditions is oxidative damage. The latter was studied in bladder cancer, sepsis, ischemia/reperfusion, partial outlet bladder obstruction, aging, and low doses of ionizing radiation. Increases in malondialdehyde, 11,[13][14][15][16] 3-nitrotyrosine 17) and 8-hydroxy-2Ј-deoxyguanosine 18) concentrations-biomarkers of lipid, protein, and DNA oxidation, respectively-have been found.Since oxidative stress is present in both physiological and pathological conditions, organisms have had to adapt to it. Despite all the evidence confirming the important role of oxidative stress in the urinary bladder, no detailed research on the bladder antioxidants and their distribution within the bladder wall has been performed. The aim of the present study was to determine the urinary bladder distribution of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as of major water soluble low molecular weight antioxidants, i.e. ascorbic acid (AA) and glutathione (GSH). Their concentrations were determined in urinary bladder wall layers and urothelium derived from various bladder regions. By mapping the urinary bladder we aimed to identify regions with the lowest antioxidant levels, and consequently highest sensitivity to oxidative damage and bladder disease. Such information may be crucial for understanding the initiation of pathological processes in urinary bladder. MATERIALS AND METHODSBladder Tissue Porcine urinary bladders were obtained from the local slaughterhouse, where pigs (7 month-old male pigs, weighing 90-110 kg) were bled to death after narcotization by electric shock, according to European Community regulations. After ope...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant Levels in the Pig Urinary Bladder: Distribution within the Bladder Wall and in the Urothelium Derived from Different Bladder Regions

Vovk

Bogataj

Mrhar

2009

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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“…In the body, superoxide dismutase catalyses the formation of oxygen and hydrogen peroxide; the enzyme catalase is then responsible for reacting with the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) species, to ultimately form water and oxygen. Partial outlet obstruction and in vivo models of ischemia have marked deleterious effects on superoxide dismutase and catalase, and as stated above have also been demonstrated to produce significant oxidative damage (10,(12)(13)(14). A variety of antioxidants and natural products that show significant antioxidant properties have been shown to protect the rabbit urinary bladder from contractile, cellular, and subcellular damage and dysfunction mediated by both partial outlet obstruction, and bilateral ischemia / reperfusion (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The oxygen radical can ultimately cause oxidative stress, resulting in significant cellular and intracellular damage and necrosis (10)(11)(12). In the body, superoxide dismutase catalyses the formation of oxygen and hydrogen peroxide; the enzyme catalase is then responsible for reacting with the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) species, to ultimately form water and oxygen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of hydrogen peroxide on rabbit urinary bladder citrate synthase activity in the presence and absence of a grape suspension

et al. 2010

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Purpose: The etiology of obstructive bladder dysfunction includes free radical damage to mitochondria. Feeding rabbits a standardized grape suspension protects the ability of the bladder to contract and empty in part by preventing mitochondrial damage, thus maintaining smooth muscle and mucosal metabolism. The objective of the current study is to determine the direct effect of this grape suspension on the response of mitochondria to the oxidative effects of hydrogen peroxide. Materials and Methods: Six male rabbits were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and the bladders excised. Four full thickness strips were obtained for contractile studies and the balance separated into smooth muscle and mucosa compartments by blunt dissection. The effect of hydrogen peroxide on the contractile response to field stimulation was quantitated. Each tissue was homogenized and the effects of increasing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide in the presence and absence of grape suspension on citrate synthase activity was determined. Results: Citrate synthase activity was significantly higher in the mucosa than in the muscle. The grape suspension had no effect on control citrate synthase activity. However, the grape suspension provided significant protection of both smooth muscle and mucosal citrate synthase activity. Conclusions: These studies support the conclusion that the grape suspension provides direct protection of mitochondrial function.

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“…Oxidative stress (free radical damage) has been found to be a major factor in a number of major human health problems including heart disease [1][2][3], diabetes [4,5], intestinal diseases [6][7][8], liver disease [9], renal disease [10,11] and obstructive bladder dysfunction [12][13][14][15]. In virtually all of these oxidative stress-linked dysfunctions, antioxidants have proven to be very valuable in their treatment [13,[16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ganoderma Lucidum on Biochemical Dysfunctions of the Rabbit Urinary Bladder using an In-Vitro Model of Ischemia / Reperfusion

Levin¹,

Li²,

Wu³

et al. 2017

SDRP-JPS

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ABSTRACT:Background: Oxidative stress involving ischemia followed by reperfusion are major etiological factors in obstructive bladder dysfunction in both men and rabbits. Specific natural products such as Ganoderma lucidum with significant antioxidant activity have proven to be useful in their treatment. In two recent studies we demonstrated that pretreatment with Ganoderma was effective preventing bladder dysfunction using both invivo and in-vitro models of ischemia-reperfusion. The current study is a follow-up study using the in-vitro model of ischemia-reperfusion. Methods: Eight New Zealand White rabbits were divided into 2 groups. One group (Group-1) was fed Ganoderma (100 mg/Kg) daily for 3 weeks while the other group (Group-2) were given saline. At the end of a 3 week period, each rabbit was euthanized and the bladder separated into twelve full thickness strips and mounted in individual baths. After 1 hour in oxygenated Tyrodes with glucose, 4 strips from each group were removed frozen and stored at -80 o C. At this time, the oxygenated Tyrodes + glucose were changed to Tyrodes equilibrated with nitro gen in the absence of glucose (ischemia) for 1 hour. After 1 hour of ischemia the buffer was then changed back to normal oxygenated Tyrode's with glucose and allowed to recover for 2 hours (reperfusion). After this time period, the four remaining strips from each group were frozen and stored. The isolated strips were analyzed for the following biomarker enzymes: citrate synthase (mitochondria), calcium ATPase (intracellular calcium movement through the cell wall), and sarcoendoplasmic reticular ATPase (intracellular calcium uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum following stimulation. Results: Ischemia-reperfusion resulted in a significant decrease (~50%) in all three enzyme activities. Pretreating with Ganoderma protected all three enzyme activities which were approximately at control levels. Conclusion: Pretreatment of rabbits for three weeks with Ganoderma prior to subjecting them to invitro ischemia-reperfusion significantly protected the bladder enzymes.

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The Effect of Partial Bladder Outlet Obstruction on Carbonyl and Nitrotyrosine Distribution in Rabbit Bladder

Cited by 41 publications

References 22 publications

Antioxidant Levels in the Pig Urinary Bladder: Distribution within the Bladder Wall and in the Urothelium Derived from Different Bladder Regions

Antioxidant Levels in the Pig Urinary Bladder: Distribution within the Bladder Wall and in the Urothelium Derived from Different Bladder Regions

Effect of hydrogen peroxide on rabbit urinary bladder citrate synthase activity in the presence and absence of a grape suspension

Effects of Ganoderma Lucidum on Biochemical Dysfunctions of the Rabbit Urinary Bladder using an In-Vitro Model of Ischemia / Reperfusion

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