The Effect of Particles on Blast Waves in a Dusty Gas

Abstract

Translation of the Bible or any other text unavoidably involves a determination about its meaning. There have been different views of meaning from ancient times up to the present, and a particularly Enlightenment and Modernist view is that the meaning of a text amounts to whatever the original author of the text intended it to be. This article analyzes the authorial-intent view of meaning in comparison with other models of literary and legal interpretation. Texts are anchors to interpretation but are subject to individualized interpretations. It is texts that are translated, not intentions. The challenge to the translator is to negotiate the meaning of a text and try to choose the most salient and appropriate interpretation as a basis for bringing the text to a new audience through translation.

Characteristic Method Applied to Blast Waves in a Dusty Gas

“…To analyze such a two phase medium one is compelled to make assumptions regarding the dust particles and their interaction with the gas flow. In the present study we employed the same assumptions as in the previous work [1] except for the condition of temperature and velocity equilibrium between the gas and the particles. The motion of the two phase medium is governed by the conservation laws of mass, momentum and energy for the mixture and particles.…”

“…The subscripts t and r of Z represent the partial derivatives with respect to time t and spatial coordinate r. The notations in the above equations are the same as in [1].…”

“…The foregoing system of characteristic equations are solved under the following boundary conditions: The boundary conditions across the shock discontinuity are given by the generalized Rankine-Hugoniot relation [1], Frozen conditions across the shock front are used for the particles. Then just behind the shock front, we put t/ p = 0, F p = (Fp)o and (?…”

“…In spite of many studies on blast waves in a dustfree gas, only a few analyses about heterogeneous systems [1,2] exist. Gerber and Bartos [2] have studied the motion of individual particles in the mixture.…”

“…In general, however, the momentum and energy exchange between the gas and the particles should be taken into account except for a flow with temperature and velocity equilibrium. We have already analysed the problem of a strong blast wave under the assumption of temperature and velocity equilibrium and got similarity solutions [1,2].…”