The effect of patellofemoral pain syndrome on patellofemoral joint kinematics under upright weight-bearing conditions

Yang, Jae‐Suk; Fredericson, Michael; Choi, Jang-Hwan

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0239907

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Compensatory strategy in PFPS patients whose trunk is leaning on the ipsilateral hip may minimise gluteus muscle strength to stabilise the Strong evidence suggests that hip strength is weaker in individuals with PFPS compared to the control group. 15…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PFPS can be caused by patellar trauma but is more often a combination of several multifactors, such as overuse of the patellofemoral joint, anatomical or biomechanical abnormalities, muscle weakness, imbalance, or dysfunction. 15 Conversely, irregularity in sports activities, environmental conditions, surfaces, and equipment can be considered extrinsic factors. Intrinsic risk factors include individual characteristics, such as malalignment of the lower extremity or joint or abnormal pressure on the patella.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors of the patellofemoral pain syndrome

Widhiantari,

Widnyana,

Jawi

2023

KPC

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Background: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the common injuries to the knee that often occur, causing pain when doing physical activities such as squatting, running or going up and down stairs when the knee is bent. As the joint that supports the body the most, this certainly hinders a person's activities. PFPS is caused by various risk factors ranging from intrinsic factors such as muscle strength to extrinsic factors such as type of activity. This study aimed to determine the risk factors related to PFPS as a preventive effort by doing quadriceps muscle strengthening exercises. Methods: This study used a literature review study design using secondary data from published literature. Literature searches were conducted online through PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, using the keywords “knee injury”, “patellofemoral pain”, “patellofemoral pain syndrome”, and “risk factors”, which selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: From the five studies that discussed risk factors related to PFPS, it was found that all journals showed quadriceps muscle strength, type of daily activity, Q-angle, joint laxity, hip tightness, patellar imbalance, overuse, and patellofemoral joint overpressure were associated with PFPS. Conclusion: Based on the literature that has been reviewed and the discussion, the dominant risk factor associated with PFPS was a decrease in hip muscle strength, especially quadriceps. Besides, several other contributing factors include the type of daily activity, Q-angle, joint laxity, hip tightness, patellar imbalance, overuse, and patellofemoral joint overpressure.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors of the patellofemoral pain syndrome

Widhiantari,

Widnyana,

Jawi

2023

KPC

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“…Finally, as a third point, considering the posed research question, the tension overloads on the knees are compared following the evaluation models applied in different types of squats. In these cases, it is observed that there is an overload of the patellofemoral ligament in diverse degrees of knee flexion, mainly between 60° and 90° degrees [ 22 , 24 , 33 , 49 , 53 , 57 , 62 ].…”

Section: Discussion Summary Of Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, the muscular activity of isometric exercises is greater. [ 57 ] Knee Flexion 0°–30° Noninvasive patellar tracking study using a “C”-arm computed tomography (CT) scanner Women not athletes with PFPS Volunteers 12 women 6 men 8 women 10 men I: 31 ± 9 Control: 39 ± 15 NA “Were observed for patellar proximal-distal shift (PTy) during NWB0°, patella flexion (PF) during WB30°, and anterior-posterior patella shift (PTz) during NWB0°, WB0°, and WB30° on the CT scan.” NA [ 58 ] Single–leg squat (SLS) Split–Squat (SS) Squat (Double legged) Kinematics to exercise movement in water (“included the average angular displacement and speed for each phase) The total range of motion and peak velocities.” Healthy subject University students Male: 14 Female: 11 NA Overall: 22.3 ± 2.9 Male: 24.03 Female: 22.01 NA The study showed a lower intensity of exercises in the water and improved mobility. Improvement in movement technique was also demonstrated as a function of immersion concerning land exercise.…”

Section: Table A1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Risk Associated with Squats: A Systematic Review

Pereira

Baptista

Conceição

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is highly prevalent; it can cause severe pain and evolve into progressive functional loss, leading to difficulties performing daily tasks such as climbing and descending stairs and squatting. This systematic review aimed to find evidence, in the literature, of squat movements that can cause or worsen PFPS. This work was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, and its protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019128711). From the 6570 collected records, 37 were included. From these 37 articles, 27 present a causal relationship between knee flexion and PFPS, 8 describe a relationship, considering the greater existence of muscle contractions, and one article did not describe this relationship in its results. The main limitations stem from the fact that different studies used different evaluation parameters to compare the force exerted on the patellofemoral joint. Furthermore, most studies are focused on sports populations. After analysing the included works, it was concluded that all squat exercises can cause tension overload in the knee, especially with a knee flexion between 60° and 90° degrees. The main causal/worsening factors of PFPS symptoms are the knee translocation forward the toes (on the same body side) when flexing the knee, and the muscle imbalance between the thigh muscles.

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“…They found significant differences in patellar kinematics during squatting at 30 ∘ knee flexion between both groups. 20 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sagittal trunk excursion and lumbar repositioning error between female and male patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome

Hassan

Keblawy

Elsalam

et al. 2023

Hong Kong Physiother. J.

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Background: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a challenging clinical problem affecting adults, adolescents, and physically active populations. PFPS impacts the patient’s trunk kinematics in the frontal plane. Previous studies have found gender-based biomechanical differences in patients with PFPS; however, sagittal trunk kinematics during mini-squats and lumbar proprioception in PFPS have not been studied previously. Objectives: To investigate sagittal trunk excursion (It is defined as the sagittal trunk flexion angle from the start to the end of the mini squat) during mini-squats as well as lumbar repositioning error between individuals with and without PFPS, and determine gender differences in the outcome variables. Methods: A sample of 56 participants aged 18–25 years was enrolled; 30 with PFPS (13 males, 17 females) and 26 asymptomatic controls (11 males, 15 females). The sagittal trunk excursion during mini-squats was examined by two-dimensional (2D) photographic analysis using Surgimap software. Active lumbar flexion repositioning error was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer. Results: For sagittal trunk excursion, no significant main effect of group was observed ([Formula: see text]). On the other hand, the main effect was significant for gender ([Formula: see text]), as was the interaction effect. Compared to the control group, the PFPS group showed significantly ([Formula: see text]) lower sagittal trunk excursion in females than in males during mini-squats. For active lumbar flexion repositioning error, no evidence was found for significant main or interaction effects ([Formula: see text]). Conclusion: Females with PFPS exhibit a more erect sagittal trunk posture than males during mini-squats. Trunk posture should be considered during weight-bearing activities in PFPS, and gender-specific assessment protocols should be developed.

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The effect of patellofemoral pain syndrome on patellofemoral joint kinematics under upright weight-bearing conditions

Cited by 8 publications

References 38 publications

Risk factors of the patellofemoral pain syndrome

Risk factors of the patellofemoral pain syndrome

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Risk Associated with Squats: A Systematic Review

Sagittal trunk excursion and lumbar repositioning error between female and male patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome

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