The effect of patient positioning on adrenal gland linear measurements estimated from computed tomographic images in healthy beagle dogs

Vali, Yasamin; Villamonte-Chevalier, A.; Broeckx, Bart J. G.; Polis, Ingeborgh; Saunders, Jimmy; Gielen, Ingrid

doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2019.106406

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This can be due to a different orientation of the axis of each AG compared with the z ‐axis in the dogs of our study, to smaller sample size or due to other anatomical differences between dogs, such as the amount of abdominal fat or presence of abdominal masses. A recent study, with the aim to demonstrate the effect of patient positioning on CT of AG measurements, did not show optimal recumbent positioning and recommended using the same position to evaluate and monitor AG size 24 . In our study, all CT scans included were performed on sternal recumbency and this may have minimized any influence of patient positioning on AG measurements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Interestingly, in the same aforementioned study, the height and width of the caudal pole of the left AG obtained on transverse plane were not significantly different in several different positions and, therefore, transverse images were recommended for size determination of left AG. Furthermore, transverse plane images have been recommended for use to monitor right AG size because border effacement associated with adjacent structures was less evident in this plane compared to other planes 24 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study, with the aim to demonstrate the effect of patient positioning on CT of AG measurements, did not show optimal recumbent positioning and recommended using the same position to evaluate and monitor AG size. 24 In our study, all CT scans included were performed on sternal recumbency and this may have minimized any influence of patient positioning on AG measurements. Interestingly, in the same aforementioned study, the height and width of the caudal pole of the left AG obtained on transverse plane were not significantly different in several different positions and, therefore, transverse images were recommended for size determination of left AG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, transverse plane images have been recommended for use to monitor right AG size because border effacement associated with adjacent structures was less evident in this plane compared to other planes. 24 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

CT measures of adrenal gland length and caudal pole diameter are reproducible in large breed dogs: A pilot study

Perfetti

Diana

Toaldo

et al. 2021

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Computed tomography (CT) is increasingly available to evaluate dogs with suspected adrenal disease, however, published studies describing the reproducibility of CT methods for quantifying adrenal gland (AG) measurements are lacking. This prospective, pilot, observer agreement study aimed to evaluate reproducibility and repeatability of two different methods of measurement of AGs on CT to establish a usable technique and define standard reference ranges. Multiplanar reformatted (MPR) CT images of both AGs of six large breed dogs were obtained with the MPR axis parallel to the spine and parallel to the long axis of the AG. Ten measurements were performed: maximal length and diameter at cranial and caudal poles on dorsal, sagittal, and transverse images; and minimal diameter of cranial and caudal poles on transverse images. Three observers with different levels of experience repeated these measurements three times for each dog. Intra‐ and interobserver variability were calculated through intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The differences in time to perform measurements between the two methods were tested with Student's t‐test. Regardless of the measurement method used, length of AGs on dorsal and sagittal MPR images had the lowest intra‐ and inter‐observer variability (ICC = 0.93‐0.99), diameter of caudal pole on transverse plane showed low intra‐ and interobserver variability (ICC = 0.77‐0.80) and diameter of cranial pole had the highest variability (ICC = 0.12‐0.61). Although length was the less variable measurement, its use may be unrealistic in daily practice. Interestingly measurement of caudal pole on transverse plane was characterized by low intra‐ and interobserver variability. No difference in time performing the measurements was noted between the two methods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

CT measures of adrenal gland length and caudal pole diameter are reproducible in large breed dogs: A pilot study

Perfetti

Diana

Toaldo

et al. 2021

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The abdominal organs demonstrate movement due to various causes and respiration-related movements can be divided into interfractional and intrafractional movements (1,10,22). Interfractional motion is the abdominal organ movement caused by daily different filling degrees of organs, including different filling degrees of the urine and feces in the urinary bladder (UB) and intestine, respectively that may change abdominal organ position (1,10,22). The organ movement may be induced by the tissue change after radiation therapy, weight gain or loss, or an increase in the mass size due to tumor progression (1,10,22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Abdominal Organs Movement by Respiration Using Computed Tomography in Dogs: A Pitfall for Radiation Therapy

Kim

Hwang

et al. 2023

J Vet Clin

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The change in the position of the abdominal organs due to movement by respiration is one of the reasons behind inaccurate irradiation of organs during radiotherapy (RT). Although studies in human medicine have revealed on the respiratory movements of abdominal organs, there is little information and no reference data for dogs. The purpose of this study was to establish the reference values of abdominal organs movement in various postures using computed tomography (CT), and to compare the movements of organs between dorsal recumbency and ventral, right and left lateral recumbency during respiration. CT images for kidney, adrenal gland, medial iliac lymph node, urinary bladder, gallbladder, liver, stomach, and thoracic and lumbar vertebral body of five beagle dogs were acquired. The movements of organs were evaluated by comparing the end-expiratory and end-inspiratory images. Movements of the organs were evaluated by dividing it into right-to-left, dorsal-to-ventral, and cranial-to-caudal directions. The movements of abdominal organs according to the change in postures and respiration were establish. The movement of the bilateral organs was the least when the organs were in the downward position (p < 0.017). The movement of cranial-to-caudal direction was greater than the movement of the other directions in most of the organs. Data obtained in this study may be useful in selecting the appropriate posture that can reduce the movements of organs to be treated with RT, and the data could be useful for setting the planning target volume to consider the movements of the abdominal organs by respiration.

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Assessment of Adrenal Computed Tomography Characteristics in Cats with Nonadrenal Disease

Gaisbauer

Zeugswetter

Tichy

et al. 2022

Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association

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Adrenal computed tomography characteristics (aCTc) in healthy cats are known, but reference intervals for diseased cats are lacking. aCTc of cats without evidence of adrenal disease (NAD group) were compared to parameters of cats with possible concurrent adrenal disease (PAD group). The PAD group was assessed for adrenal masses or other morphological deviations using the NAD group as reference. Associations of aCTc with patient variables were explored, and all results were compared with published aCTc of healthy cats. No incidental adrenal masses were identified in the PAD group (n = 92), and only few aCTc differed compared to the NAD group (n = 30). The NAD group showed similar associations of patient variables and aCTc as length (right: 11.5 ± 2.2 mm, left: 11.8 ± 1.7 mm), width (right: 6.4 ± 1.2 mm, left: 5.4 ± 0.8 mm), height (right: 4.5 ± 0.9 mm, left: 4.5 ± 0.8 mm), attenuation (right: 33.1 ± 5.0 Hounsfield units, left: 32.5 ± 5.3 Hounsfield units) and position, but markedly more mineralization (right: 10%, left: 13.3%) than reported in healthy cats. This study provides references of aCTc for diseased cats without evidence of adrenal disease. The result suggests that adrenal incidentalomas seem to be rare in cats.

show abstract

The effect of patient positioning on adrenal gland linear measurements estimated from computed tomographic images in healthy beagle dogs

Cited by 3 publications

References 20 publications

CT measures of adrenal gland length and caudal pole diameter are reproducible in large breed dogs: A pilot study

CT measures of adrenal gland length and caudal pole diameter are reproducible in large breed dogs: A pilot study

Assessment of Abdominal Organs Movement by Respiration Using Computed Tomography in Dogs: A Pitfall for Radiation Therapy

Assessment of Adrenal Computed Tomography Characteristics in Cats with Nonadrenal Disease

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