The Effect of Patient Smoking Habit on the Outcome of IVF and GIFT Treatment

Abstract

The outcomes of 650 patients, 108 of whom were smokers, receiving assisted reproduction treatment were assessed for the effects of smoking habit on ovulation, fertilization, implantation and pregnancy outcome. Smokers produced fewer oocytes, gave a pregnancy rate less than half that of the nonsmokers, and those smokers who became pregnant showed a markedly increased rate of miscarriage.

Effect of a woman's smoking status on oocyte, zygote, and day 3 pre-embryo quality in in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program

“…Lower fertilization rates in smokers are reported also by several groups of investigators (9,10), whereas other researchers found similar fertilization rates by fewer embryos (11). Three studies found an increased fertilization rate in smokers (2,12,13). In the present study, tobacco smoking by women who were undergoing infertility treatment by IVF-embryo transfer was not associated with suboptimal morphological parameters during embryo development or a decrease in oocyte and embryo morphology.…”

Cigarette smoke condensate exposure delays follicular development and function in a stage-dependent manner

“…In women attempting spontaneous conception, cigarette smoking increased time to pregnancy (9) and accelerated depletion of ovarian follicles, causing early menopause (10)(11)(12). In infertile women undergoing IVF treatments, smoking resulted in decreased numbers of mature oocytes (13,14), fertilization rate (15), and implantations (16,17). Although it is recognized that cigarette smoking can affect almost every step in reproductive physiology, the mechanisms underlying its adverse effects are not clearly defined.…”

Effects of cigarette smoke on fertilization and embryo development in vivo

“…Smoking is associated with increased spontaneous abortion in both natural and assisted conception cycles (10)(11)(12)(13)(14). One study, investigating factors for their potential association with the risk of early pregnancy loss (EPL) in assisted reproductive technology (ART), found that smoking doubled the risk of EPL (13).…”