The effect of Paxillus involutus Fr. on aluminum sensitivity of Norway spruce seedlings

Hentschel, Eike; Godbold, Douglas L.; Marschner, Petra; Schlegel, Hedda; Jentschke, Georg

doi:10.1093/treephys/12.4.379

Cited by 45 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Under Al toxicity, EcM seedlings maintained higher growth rates than nonmycorrhizal seedlings (Cumming and Weinstein 1990a;Cumming and Weinstein 1990b;Göransson and Eldhuset 2001;Hentschel et al 1993;Schier and McQuattie 1995;Schier and McQuattie 1996). These higher growth rates may be the result of the fact that EcM fungi generally improve growth of their hosts through better nutrient supply.…”

Section: Role Of Rock-eating Ecm Fungi In Aluminium Toxicity and Alummentioning

confidence: 98%

Rock-eating mycorrhizas: their role in plant nutrition and biogeochemical cycles

et al. 2007

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A decade ago, tunnels inside mineral grains were found that were likely formed by hyphae of ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi. This observation implied that EcM fungi can dissolve mineral grains. The observation raised several questions on the ecology of these "rock-eating" fungi. This review addresses the roles of these rock-eating EcM associations in plant nutrition, biogeochemical cycles and pedogenesis. Research approaches ranged from molecular to ecosystem level scales. Nutrient deficiencies change EcM seedling exudation patterns of organic anions and thus their potential to mobilise base cations from minerals. This response was fungal species-specific. Some EcM fungi accelerated mineral weathering. While mineral weathering could also increase the concentrations of phytotoxic aluminium in the soil solution, some EcM fungi increase Al tolerance through an enhanced exudation of oxalate. Through their contribution to Al transport, EcM hyphae could be agents in pedogenesis, especially podzolisation. A modelling study indicated that mineral tunnelling is less important than surface weathering by EcM fungi. With both processes taken together, the contribution of EcM fungi to weathering may be significant. In the field vertical niche differentiation of EcM fungi was shown for EcM root tips and extraradical mycelium. In the field EcM fungi and tunnel densities were correlated. Our results support a role of rock-eating EcM fungi in plant nutrition and biogeochemical cycles. EcM fungal species-specific differences indicate the need for further research with regard to this variation in functional traits.

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Section: Role Of Rock-eating Ecm Fungi In Aluminium Toxicity and Alummentioning

confidence: 98%

Rock-eating mycorrhizas: their role in plant nutrition and biogeochemical cycles

et al. 2007

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“…Reduced root growth of tree seedlings grown in culture solutions was reported by Rost-Siebert (1983), Godbold and Kettner (1991) and Godbold and Hüttermann (1988). Elevated Al concentrations decreased uptake of Ca and Mg in seedlings of silver birch and Norway spruce (Göransson and Eldhuset, 1995;Godbold and Jentschke, 1998) and Hentschel et al (1993) showed in a pot trial that Al exposure reduced root growth and Ca and Mg uptake in mycorrhizal seedlings of Norway spruce. Ilvesniemi (1992) reported a decrease in root biomass in a pot experiment where pine and spruce seedlings were subjected to Al stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of elevated soil solution Al concentrations on fine roots in a middle-aged Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stand

Nygaard¹,

Wit²

2004

Plant Soil

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Aluminium (Al), mobilized by acidic deposition, has been claimed to be a major threat to forest vitality. Fine root mortality, decreased root growth and reduced nutrient uptake have been observed in controlled laboratory experiments where roots of tree seedlings were exposed to elevated concentrations of Al. Yet, evidence for Alinduced root damage from forest stands is scarcely reported. Nevertheless, Al dissolved in soil water has received a key role in the critical load concept for forests. Here, we present effects of artificially elevated concentrations of Al in the soil solution on fine roots in a middle-aged stand of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.). Although the inorganic Al concentrations about 200 µM and Ca:Al ratio about 0.7 that were established in the soil solution within this experiment have been associated with reduction of root growth and root mortality for spruce seedlings in hydroponic studies, no acute damage on fine roots was observed. Three years of treatment did not cause visual root damage, nor were effects on fine root necromass observed. Fine root necromass made up about 10% of fine root biomass for all treatments. However, significantly lower molar Ca:Al and Mg:Al ratios in living and dead fine roots were found in the plots where Al concentrations were highest and ratios of Ca to Al in the soil solution were lowest. The lack of response on fine root biomass suggests that forest stands tolerate higher Al levels than results from laboratory experiments indicate. We conclude that effect studies in the laboratory have limited value for field conditions. The key role of Al toxicity, expressed as the Ca/Al ratio, in critical load calculations for forests may have to be reconsidered.

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“…Furthermore, Al can be detoxified by complexation with low molecular weight organic anions (Ma et al 2001;Ryan et al 2001). Ectomycorrhizal tree seedlings have been found to excrete more oxalate than non-mycorrhizal tree seedlings in response to Al in axenic conditions (Ahonen-Jonnarth et al 2000).toxicity is reported, many of these studies are confined to coniferous plants (Cumming and Weinstein 1990;Hentschel et al 1993;Schier and McQuattie 1996;Ahonen-Jonnarth et al 2003;Scho¨ll et al 2005) and the concentrations of Ca and Mg in ectomycorrhizal tree seedlings are higher, lower or equal compared to non-mycorrhizal seedlings under Al toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of ectomycorrhizal colonization on the growth and mineral nutrition of Populus deltoides under Aluminum toxicity

Khosla

Kaur

Reddy

2009

Journal of Plant Interactions

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Aluminum (Al) toxicity has been considered an important factor in limiting the growth and nutrient acquisition of sensitive tree species in acidic soils. Mycorrhizal fungi may offset the negative impacts of Al in the root zone. Here, we report our studies on the effect of Al on the growth and mineral nutrition of Populus deltoides in the presence of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus. Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants were exposed to Al levels of 0, 50, 100 and 200 mg/l for 10 weeks. The biomass of mycorrhizal plants increased significantly than non-mycorrhizal plants. The mycorrhizal plants showed higher levels of mineral nutrients such as phosphorus, calcium and magnesium compared to nonmycorrhizal plants in different concentrations of Al. Al content significantly decreased in shoots of mycorrhizal plants compared to non-mycorrhizal plants. The oxalic acid concentration was significantly increased in mycorrhizal plants over non-mycorrhizal plants. These results suggest that ectomycorrhizal colonization confer Al tolerance to P. deltoides plants and Al induced enhancement of organic acids by P. involutus is very likely to be associated with Al tolerance.

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The effect of Paxillus involutus Fr. on aluminum sensitivity of Norway spruce seedlings

Cited by 45 publications

References 16 publications

Rock-eating mycorrhizas: their role in plant nutrition and biogeochemical cycles

Rock-eating mycorrhizas: their role in plant nutrition and biogeochemical cycles

Effects of elevated soil solution Al concentrations on fine roots in a middle-aged Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stand

Influence of ectomycorrhizal colonization on the growth and mineral nutrition of Populus deltoides under Aluminum toxicity

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