The effect of periodontal bacteria infection on incidence and prognosis of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Xiao, Li; Zhang, Qianyu; Peng, Yanshuang; Wang, Daqing; Liu, Ying

doi:10.21203/rs.2.15413/v1

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Namely, P.g has been earlier associated with a number of malignancies, including gastro-intestinal cancers [24]. Xiao and co-workers in their aforementioned meta-analysis observed a strong association between P.g and cancer (OR 1.86; CI 1.20 -2.88) while T.f showed a weak association with cancer (OR 1.06; CI 0.80 -1.41) [15]. Notably, T.f has earlier been associated with esophageal cancer [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent meta-analysis by Xiao et al [15] showed that infection with periodontal bacteria increased the incidence of cancer with odds ratio (OR) 1.25 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.52) and that it also linked to mortality. This risk was particularly associated with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g) infection (OR = 2.1; CI 1.34-3.47) and Prevotella intermedia (P.i) infection (OR = 1.28; CI 1.01-1.63).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Periodontal microorganisms and diagnosis of malignancy: A cross-sectional study

Söder

Källmén

Yucel‐Lindberg

et al. 2021

TUB

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BACKGROUND: Oral infections associate statistically with cancer. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that certain periodontal microorganisms might specifically link to malignancies in general and set out to investigate this in our ongoing cohort study. METHODS: A sample of 99 clinically examined patients from our cohort of 1676 subjects was used to statistically investigate the associations between harboring periodontal microorganisms Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a), Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g), Prevotella intermedia (P.i), Tannerella forsythia (T.f) and Treponema denticola (T.d). We used oral infection indexes and the incidence figures of malignancies as registered in 2008–2016 in the Swedish National Cancer Register. RESULTS: The pathogen A.a showed strong association with malignancy in 32 out of the 99 patients while P.g and P.i were more prevalent among patients without malignancy. In principal component analyses, A.a appeared in the strongest component while the second strongest component consisted of a combination of T.f and T.d. The third component consisted of a combination of P.g and P.i, respectively. Of basic and oral health variables, gingival index appeared to be the strongest expression of inflammation (Eigen value 4.11 and Explained Variance 68.44 percent). CONCLUSIONS: The results partly confirmed our hypothesis by showing that harboring certain periodontal bacteria might link to malignancy. However, the associations are statistical and no conclusions can be drawn about causality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal microorganisms and diagnosis of malignancy: A cross-sectional study

Söder

Källmén

Yucel‐Lindberg

et al. 2021

TUB

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“…Although periodontal bacterial infection is widely accepted as an independent risk factor in several cancers, including OSCC [99], to the best of our knowledge, the relationship between macrophages in periodontitis and oral carcinogenesis has not been fully clarified. The main reason may be that it is difficult to tease out the M1/M2 dichotomy in periodontitis.…”

Section: The Association Of Macrophages With Risk Factors Of Oral Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of Macrophage Infiltrating Compartment: A Novel View on Oral Carcinogenesis

et al. 2021

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Background: The mortality of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has remained high for decades; therefore, methods for early detection of OSCC are warranted. However, in the oral cavity, various mucosal diseases may be encountered, including reactive lesions and oral potentially malignant disorders, and it is difficult to differentiate OSCC from these lesions based on both clinical and histopathological findings. It is well known that chronic inflammation contributes to oral cancer development. Macrophages are among the most common inflammatory cells in cancer stromal tissue and have various roles in cancer aggressiveness. Although the roles of macrophages in cancer development have attracted attention, only a few studies have linked macrophages to carcinogenesis, particularly, oral precancerous lesions. Summary: This review article consists of 3 parts: first, we summarize current knowledge on macrophages in human various epithelial precancerous lesions, excluding the oral cavity, to show the importance and gaps in knowledge regarding macrophages in carcinogenesis; second, we review published data related to the role of macrophages in oral carcinogenesis; finally, we present a novel view on oral carcinogenesis, focusing on crosstalk between epithelial cells and macrophages. Key Messages: The biological features of macrophages in oral carcinogenesis differ drastically depending on the anatomical compartment that they infiltrate. Focusing on the alteration of macrophage infiltrating compartment may serve as a useful novel approach for studying the role of the macrophages in oral carcinogenesis and for gaining further insight into cancer prevention and early detection.

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“…Microbiome means all microorganisms in the human body; oral microbiome represents all the microorganisms in oral cavity which comprise more than 600 bacterial species [56]. Periodontal bacteria are the main pathogens of the oral cavity and the main cause of chronic periodontitis in adults, but their association with the occurrence and diagnosis of cancer is controversial [57]. Gastrointestinal carcinomas are often seen in patients suffering from periodontitis.…”

Section: Bacterial Species and Oralmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Role of Bacteria in Carcinoma: Stimulation and Inhibition

Al-Hilu

Al-Shujairi

2020

International Journal of Microbiology

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Although what unifies the carcinogenic microorganisms has not been determined by multiple studies, the role of bacteria in the development of neoplasms has not been properly elucidated. In this review, we discuss links between the bacterial species and cancer, with focus on immune responses for the stimulation of tumor cells such as induction of inflammation. Finally, we will describe the potential therapeutic strategies of bacteria on target tumors to improve treatment while mitigating adverse reactions. Cancer is a series of genetic changes that transform normal cells into tumor cells. These changes come from several reasons, including smoking, drinking alcohol, sunlight, exposure to chemical or physical factors, and finally chronic infection with microorganisms, including bacteria. In fact, bacterial infections are not carcinogenic, but recently it was discovered that the association between bacteria and cancer is through two mechanisms, the first stimulating chronic inflammation and the second producing carcinogenic metabolites. While bacteria are carcinogenic agents also, they have a dual role eliminating and removing tumor cells. However, the traditional cancer treatments that include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery, and immunotherapy increase the chances of survival, and there are many side effects of these therapies, including the high toxicity of tissues and normal cells, could not penetrate the tumor cells, and resistance of these therapies by tumor cells. Therefore, the world has turned to an alternative solution, which is the use of genetically engineered microorganisms; thus, the use of living bacteria targeting cancerous cells is the unique option to overcome these challenges. Bacterial therapies, whether used alone or combination with chemotherapy, give a positive effect to treat multiple conditions of cancer. Also, bacteria can be used as vectors for drug, gene, or therapy, and this is a great step to treat cancer. Thus, we review the mechanisms underlying the interaction of the microbiota residents with cancer. Cancer-associated bacteria differ from those in healthy human and are linked with gene-expression profile. We also discuss how live bacteria interact with tumor microenvironments to induce tumor regression through colonization and spread. Finally, we provide past and ongoing clinical trials that include bacteria targeting tumors.

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The effect of periodontal bacteria infection on incidence and prognosis of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Periodontal microorganisms and diagnosis of malignancy: A cross-sectional study

Periodontal microorganisms and diagnosis of malignancy: A cross-sectional study

Alteration of Macrophage Infiltrating Compartment: A Novel View on Oral Carcinogenesis

Dual Role of Bacteria in Carcinoma: Stimulation and Inhibition

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