The effect of permeability enhancement on dry-out behavior of CA- and microsilica gel-bonded castables as determined by NMR

Study on the graft modification mechanism of macroporous silica gel surface based on silane coupling agent vinyl triethoxysilane

“…1606 cm À1 is the stretching vibration peak of C]C, 3055 cm À1 is the stretching vibration peak of C-H on C]C, 1411 cm À1 is the in-plane bending vibration peak of C-H in -CH 3 , 2986 cm À1 and 2880 cm À1 is the stretching vibration peak of C-H in -CH 3 and 2934 cm À1 is the stretching vibration peak of C-H in -CH 2 -. 32,33 The results of Raman spectroscopy further show that the coupling agent KH-151 has been successfully graed on the surface of silica gel.…”

Improved explosion resistance of low cement refractory castables using drying agents

“…It has always been challenging to efficiently remove free water and crystal water from the various hydrates, in particular from the centers of larger castable bodies. Hence, optimization of dry‐out schedules and improvement in permeability of cement bonded refractories to minimize vapor pressure build‐up inside refractory dense bodies, have been given special attention 5–7 …”

“…Hence, optimization of dry-out schedules and improvement in permeability of cement bonded refractories to minimize vapor pressure build-up inside refractory dense bodies, have been given special attention. [5][6][7] When the vapor pressure that is generated inside the refractory is higher than its mechanical strength, the result could be significantly damaging due to spalling and/or 𝑙𝑜𝑔 10 𝑝 = 𝐴 − 𝐵∕ (𝐶 + 𝑇) (0 to 374 • C)…”

Electrospun fibers as drying additive in cement‐bonded alumina castables

“…proved the effects of PEAC on the boiling front temperature of refractory castables. Two drying stages were reported: “(1) a rapid, externally limited drying process that depends on the surface boundary conditions of the material and (2) internally limited drying, which is intrinsically determined by the pore structure of the materials.” Combining PP fibers with a PEAC decreased the maximum boiling front temperature and pressure, since at around 180–200$$^\circ$$C the fibers began to decompose and increased the permeability of the castable 14 …”

“…Combining PP fibers with a PEAC decreased the maximum boiling front temperature and pressure, since at around 180-200 • C the fibers began to decompose and increased the permeability of the castable. 14 It is known that, when incorporated into refractory compositions, nanomaterials may promote solid-state diffusion and thus sintering at lower temperatures than those usu-ally observed for microparticles, which can improve the material's densification. 4,15 In addition, they may also generate new microstructures such as whiskers with needlelike or dumb-shell shapes, resulting in better thermomechanical properties thanks to in situ transformations.…”