The effect of Persea americana Mill. seed extract on inflammatory cells and fibroblast formation in tooth extraction socket healing

Abstract

Background: Inflammatory cells and fibroblasts have an essential role in the wound healing process. Persea americana Mill. seed categorises as a waste; it contains rich nutrients that can accelerate wound healing activity. Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of Persea americana Mill. seed against inflammatory cells and fibroblast formation in tooth extraction socket healing. Methods: Ninety-six Sprague Dawley rats had their lower left molars removed. Forty-eight rats tested for inflammatory cells were divided into four groups: negative control group (IC1), positive control group (IC2), Persea americana Mill. seed extract concentrations of 50% (IE1) and 90% (IE2). Another 48 rats used for fibroblast were divided into three groups: the control group (FC1), Persea americana Mill. seed concentrations of 50% (FE1) and 90% (FE2). The gel was applied to the socket under general anaesthesia. Four rats from each group were decapitated for histopathological tissue preparations with Haematoxylin Eosin (HE) staining on the 3rd, 5th and 7th days for inflammatory cells and the 3rd, 5th, 7th and 14th days for fibroblast formation. The preparations for each research were scored under the microscope at 40x magnification. The obtained data was analysed using the Kruska—Wallis and the Mann—Whitney test. Results: A significant decrease (p<0.05) of inflammatory cells in IE2 on the 5th and 7th day. A significant increase (p<0.05) of fibroblast formation between treatment and control groups and no significant difference (p>0.05) between FE1 and FE2 was based on the interval days. Conclusion: Persea americana Mill. seed extract can decrease the inflammatory cells and accelerate the fibroblast formation in tooth extraction socket healing.

Antioxidant activity of roots, stems, and leaves Spatholobus littoralis Hassk.: an experimental study

“…This was proven in research conducted on Sprague Dawley rats, that Persea ameracana Mill seed extract, which contains these active compounds, can increase the formation of fibroblasts and act as an anti-inflammatory in wound healing. 10 The active compounds contained in the extracts of the roots, stems, and leaves of Spatholobus littoralis Hassk. plays a significant role in the presence of antioxidant activity which acts as a controller of ROS in the process of wound healing.…”

“…contains alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, and triterpenoids. 10 One of the methods used to determine antioxidant activity qualitatively is the 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. 11 This method is often used because it is easier and cheaper than the other methods.…”

The role of purple leaves extract (Graptophyllum Pictum (L.) Griff) on the number of fibroblasts and blood vessels in the socket after tooth extraction

“…1 Tooth extraction is the process of removing a tooth from its socket. 2,3 Inadequate tooth extraction can lead to complications. Post-extraction complications due to considerable trauma can damage the alveolar bone in the tooth in question and affect the wound healing process in the area.…”

“…Post-extraction complications due to considerable trauma can damage the alveolar bone in the tooth in question and affect the wound healing process in the area. [3][4][5] The wound healing process consists of several phases: hemostatic, inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling. The second phase, inflammation, is a process in which the body is injured and reaches its peak on the third day, which is marked by the presence of Polymorphonuclear (PMN), leukocytes, especially neutrophils and macrophages.…”