Two titanium phosphate materials (T p P and T h P) have been successfully synthesized by sol-gel route with controlled precipitation and hydrolysis. The T p P material was obtained from the reaction between precipitated titania and phosphate buffer solution H 2 PO − 4 /HPO 2− 4 (pH = 7.3). The T h P material was prepared through hydrolysis of titanium in the presence of H 2 PO − 4 /HPO 2 4 . The probable state of the phosphate anions in titania framework and their effect on the anatase-to-rutile transformation were characterized by ICP-AES, DTA-TG, 31 P NMR, FT-IR, and Raman analysis HRTEM/SEM. FT-IR and 31 P NMR analyses of titanium phosphate T p P calcined at low temperature showed that the phosphate species existed not only as Ti-O-P in the bulk TiO 2 but also as amorphous titanium phosphates, including bidentate Ti(HPO 4 ) 2 and monodentate Ti(H 2 PO 4 ) 4 . Increased calcination temperature only gave an enrichment of bidentate structure on the titania surface. For the T h P material, H 2 PO − 4 /HPO 2− 4 anions were introduced into the initial solution, before precipitation, what promoted their lattice localization. At high temperatures, all the phosphorus inside the bulk of TiO 2 migrated to the surface. The Raman analysis of both samples showed that the bidentate phosphates increased the temperature of the anatase-to-rutile phase transformation to more than 1000°C with the formation of well crystalline TiP 2 O 7 phase. This phenomenon was more evident for T p P sample.