The effect of phytogenic feed additives to substitute in-feed antibiotics on growth traits and blood biochemical parameters in broiler chicks challenged with Salmonella typhimurium

Abstract

There is a growing concern over the use of antibiotics due to the increased resistance of pathogens in broiler. The present study was designed to find the comparative effect of an antibiotic, and some phytogenic on performance traits, blood biochemical parameters, and antioxidant status during starter phase exposed to Salmonella typhimurium challenge. A total of 560-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly allocated to seven treatments (eight replicates). Control (basal diet); T1, infected with Salmonella enterica subsp. typhimurium; T2, infected + avilamycin at the rate of 0.2 g/kg; T3, infected + essential oil of thymol; T4, infected + phytogenic; T5, infected + anti-Salmonella organic acid; and T6, infected + essential oils of thyme, anise, and other components. Body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly (P < 0.05) high in the T2 and T5 at the end of the first and the second week and similar to T4. During the second week, European production efficiency factor (EPEF) was also significantly (P < 0.05) high in T2, T4 and T5. Blood albumin increased significantly (P < 0.05) in birds of T2 in the first week, while during the second week, blood glucose and triglyceride concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in T5. Blood ALT concentration decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in T6 compared to other treatments in the second week. Total antioxidant capacity (at the end of the second week) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) did not change significantly. From the results of the present study, it was concluded that different feed additives could be substituted with antibiotics in the feed of broiler exposed to S. typhimurium challenge.

The effect of phytogenics on growth traits, blood biochemical and intestinal histology in broiler chickens exposed to Clostridium perfringens challenge

“…In addition, the essential oils and phytobiotics (carvacrol from oregano, cinnamaldehyde from cinnamon and capsaicin) performed similar to the control group showing the effectiveness since the birds in the treatments were infected. An improved growth performance with phytobiotics without any bacterial infection (Buchanan et al 2008;Ahmad et al 2011;Lee et al 2015) and with a bacterial infection (Abudabos et al 2016) have been reported previously. The improved performance, gut physiology and blood biochemical profile may be due to the mechanism of action of essential oils supplemented in the current study.…”

“…On day 30, 1 cm section of the lower ileum from two birds per replicate was prepared as described by Abudabos et al (2016). Measurements of height and width of the villi were based on at least 10 well-oriented villi per section using a microscope (IX71 Inverted Olympus).…”

“…To improve feed efficiency and reduce mortality in broiler, antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) have been successfully used for the last few decades (Abudabos et al 2016;Khan et al 2016;Alhidary et al 2017). The use of AGPs has been very useful as controlling strategy; however, acquired resistance and meat residues of these antimicrobial agents is one of the major growing concern (Bajpai et al 2012).…”

Effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and organic selenium on growth dynamics, blood melanodialdehyde and paraoxonase in broilers exposed to heat stress

“…The body produces free radicals continuously for the need of normal physiological functions, but their excessive level may cause damage to the plasma membrane and organelles (Khan et al 2011). Nutritional approaches are considered to lessen the undesirable effects of heat stress by maintaining feed intake, water and electrolyte balance or by the supplementation of antioxidant vitamins, essential oils, minerals and natural herbs (Khan et al 2011;Rahman et al 2014a;Majid et al 2015;Abudabos et al 2016;Chand et al 2017). Supplementation of diets with natural antioxidants is a favourable strategy to decrease the lethal effects of heat stress in birds (Chand et al 2016).…”

Oxidative stability of chilled broiler breast meat as affected by dietary supplementation with rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) powder and vitamin E

“…In order to find effective substitutes to antibiotic growth promoters, several aromatic plants have been evaluated in poultry industry (Abudabos, Alyemni, Dafallah, & Khan, ; Khan, Naz, Nikousefat, Tufarelli, & Laudadio, ). These herbs, or their extract, show significant antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, and physiological modulation proprieties (Ardalan, Omid, Golnaz, & Mahdi, ; Çabuk, Eratak, Alçicek, & Bozkurt, ; Jang, Ko, Kang, & Lee, ).…”