The effect of phytomaterials on the biochemical composition of the muscle tissue of broiler chickens

Abstract

Abstract. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of phytobiotics on the biochemical composition of the muscle tissue of broiler chickens. Research methods: atomic emission spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis, gas chromatography. Scientific novelty. The influence of phytomaterials (gamma-octalactone, vanillic acid) on the biochemical composition of the muscle tissue of broiler chickens was evaluated for the first time. Results: biochemical composition of muscle tissue the composition was characterized by a lower content of amino acids: tyrosine (pectoral muscles), lysine, threonine, alanine, leucine + soleucine (femoral muscles) in group II (P < 0.05) and a high content of valine and histidine (pectoral muscles) in group I (P < 0.05), according to compared to the control. There was also an increase in the concentration of fatty acids in the pectoral muscle (P < 0.05): myristic and arachin (I and II), stearic (III), linoleic (II and III) and a decrease in palmitic (III) and palmitooleic (II and III). An increase in the concentration of myristic (III group, P < 0.05), oleic (II group, P < 0.05) fatty acids was found in the thigh muscles. In group I broiler chickens, the concentration of macronutrients (Ca, P, K, Na) and trace elements (B, Fe) in the pectoral muscle decreased (P ≤ 0.05). In group II, an increase was found (P ≤ 0.05) – Ca, Co, Mn, Zn, in group III – Fe (P ≤ 0.05). In the thigh muscle tissue of group I, the concentrations of macronutrients – K, Mg decreased (P ≤ 0.05) and increased (P ≤ 0.05) Na, Ca, B, Cu, Ni, I, Zn. In II, there was an increase in the content of B (P < 0.05), and in III, on the contrary, a decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in Ca and K. Thus, the use of vanillin acid alone or in combination with gamma-lactone contributes to the biological value of the muscle tissue of broiler chickens in terms of increasing the amount of essential amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids and important macro- and microelements.

Broiler Chicken Cecal Microbiome and Poultry Farming Productivity: A Meta-Analysis

“…Results of ten experimental series performed during the period of 2018-2023 [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] were included in the meta-analysis (Figure 1). The inclusion criteria were: (i) the study implementation to be in accordance with the ethical statement and the principles of good laboratory practice; (ii) use of broiler chickens aged from 7 to 42 days (experiment duration of 35 days); (iii) keeping birds on a standard basic diet supplemented with various additives; (iv) standard recording of zootechnical data integrated with the European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF); (v) standard Illumina 16S-RNA gene sequencing technology to characterize the cecal microbiome.…”

“…Seven-day-old broiler chickens were randomly divided into equal replicates and fed with the basic diets intended for the starting period (7-28 days), and growing period (29-42 days). The control group in each series received the basic diet only, while the experimental groups were fed a diet supplemented with Oak Bark extract [14,15,19], Bifidobacterium-containing or Bacillus-containing probiotic additives [15,16], the antibiotic chlortetracycline [14,20,21], or chemically synthesized analogues of the following plant-derived molecules: gamma-lactone, coumarin derivative, vanillin/vanylic acid, resorcinol derivative, or quercetin [16][17][18][20][21][22][23]. In the current context, these supplements affected the cecal microbiome composition and chicken productivity, providing variability in the data for the meta-analysis.…”

“…A total of 40 groups (8 control and 32 experimental) meeting these criteria were included in the study. Bark extract [14,15,19], Bifidobacterium-containing or Bacillus-containing probiotic additives [15,16], the antibiotic chlortetracycline [14,20,21], or chemically synthesized analogues of the following plant-derived molecules: gamma-lactone, coumarin derivative, vanillin/vanylic acid, resorcinol derivative, or quercetin [16][17][18][20][21][22][23]. In the current context, these supplements affected the cecal microbiome composition and chicken productivity, providing variability in the data for the meta-analysis.…”

“…Meta-analysis design to characterize the cecal microbiome of broiler chickens and its association with poultry production. Designations 1-10 indicate the experimental series described in [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

“…In a series of our previous studies published in international [14][15][16][17][18] and local [19][20][21][22][23] scientific journals, we used standard Illumina 16S-RNA gene sequencing technology in the context of the effects of different feeding regimes on the microbiome, feed efficiency, and growth performance indices in broiler chickens. General changes in cecal microbiome composition and zootechnical parameters were shown, but the relationship between cecal microbiota composition and diversity against poultry farming productivity was constrained by a small sample size in each series.…”