The Effect of Piezoelectric Oscillation on the Intensity of X-ray Reflections from Quartz

Abstract

In an attempt to determine the amplitude of vibration of the ions in a quartz lattice brought about by piezoelectric oscillations, a series of Laue photographs have been made of both Curie and thirty-degree-cut plates, using the white radiation from a Coolidge universal tube. This tube had a tungsten anode and carried a current of four milliamperes at 95 kilovolts. Eastman duplitized x-ray film was used with no sensitizing screens. On examination, the patterns produced by each plate, oscillating and non-oscillating, appear identical except in one respect; the pattern of the oscillating plate is several times as intense as that of the non-oscillating. A four-hour exposure of a non-oscillating plate to radiation of the above mentioned type, produces but the rudiments of a pattern, whereas, the same plate oscillating produces a very beautiful intense pattern for the same time of exposure. The effect does not depend on the mode of vibration but does depend on the amplitude. Further work is in progress which it is hoped will establish the cause of this peculiar intensity difference.

Coherent and diffuse X-ray scattering in crystals modulated by a surface acoustic wave

“…Since the pioneering papers of Fox & Carr (1931), Langer (1931) and Barrett & Howe (1932), diffraction of X-rays and neutrons in a crystal volume modulated by ultrasonic waves has attracted a large number of experimental and theoretical studies (White, 1950;Saccocio et al, 1967;Haruta, 1967;Carlson et al, 1971;Kö hler et al, 1974;LeRoux et al, 1975LeRoux et al, , 1976Entin & Assur, 1981;Chapman et al, 1983;Punegov & Pavlov, 1994). The observed experimental rocking curves were explained using the dynamical scattering theory (Kö hler et al, 1974;Authier, 2001), including the phenomenon of X-ray acoustic resonance (Entin & Assur, 1981;Punegov & Pavlov, 1994).…”

Quartz reflectivity and piezoelectricity

“…We have given the name DC effect to this new phenomenon. Fox & Carr (1931) first observed the change in intensity of X-rays diffracted from piezoelectrically vibrated quartz plates. Considerable interest has since been exhibited in this phenomenon.…”

Neutron Diffraction on Acoustic Waves in a Perfect and Deformed Single Crystals

“…15 were obtained from experimental data by the least squares method. The best fitting is at |ηmin| = 0.53(1/B) for curve (2) and |ηmin| =-0.04B -1 +0.74 for curve (1). From these it follows that at В ~ 1 the "dip" of the relative diffraction intensity η reaches the maximum of ~0.5 for νs >> νres and of 0.7 for νs ≈ νres.…”

“…Crystals subjected to ultrasonic excitations have been investigated for some time by X-ray and neutron diffraction methods. The first X-ray diffraction experiments on oscillating crystals were performed in 1931 [1,2] stimulating large discussion to explain the observed increase in intensity of the Laue spots. Neutron experiments go back to the 60's [3][4][5].…”