The effect of pivalate treatment of pregnant rats on body mass and insulin levels in the adult offspring

Carnitine depletion in rat pups from mothers given mildronate: A model of carnitine deficiency in late fetal and neonatal life

“…In this study, we administered mildronate to pregnant and lactating rats. Offspring showed a marked tissue carnitine depletion similar to what we previously obtained by using pivalate (Ricciolini et al, 2001). A defect in lipid oxidation metabolism was also observed.…”

Metabolic Adaptations in Pregnancy: A Review

“…The preferential use of glycerol for gluconeogenesis acquires greater importance during maternal fasting periods later in pregnancy when essential gluconeogenic substrates are sparse while delivery of newly formed glucose is vital for the fetus [10]. Moreover, studies have shown that under fed conditions in early gestation, plasma ketone body levels are lower in pregnant than in non-pregnant rats, suggesting an enhanced utilization of this energy substrate [11]. Based on the fact that placental transfer of ketone bodies is highly efficient during periods of fasting, maternal ketogenesis becomes highly accelerated allowing the fetus to employ these molecules not only as energy fuels but also as substrates for brain lipid synthesis [12].…”

“…These are trafficked to cellular sites for esterification, beta-oxidation, and subsequent transfer to the fetus [28]. Finally, NEFA that cross the syncytiotrophoblast are carried to the fetal liver in α-fetoprotein where they are re-esterified and released into the fetal circulation in the form of triglycerides [11]. However, it is still unclear as to which step in the process limits the rate of placental fatty acid transport to the fetus.…”

Μελέτη Του Μεταβολισμού Της Καρνιτίνης Και Αλλαγές Του Ενδιάμεσου Μεταβολισμού Σε Κακοήθη Νοσήματα Παιδιών

“…Οι φυσιολογικές καταστάσεις είναι η νηστεία (141,142), η εγκυμοσύνη (143), το γήρας (144,145). Παθολογικές καταστάσεις είναι οι διαταραχές του μεταβολισμού όπως οργανικές οξυουρίες (146,147), καρδιακή ανεπάρκεια (148,149), ο διαβήτης (87,150,151,152), η χρόνια νεφρική ανεπάρκεια (139,153), οι απομυελινωτικές νόσοι (154,155,156), και κάποιες ιατρογενείς καταστάσεις όπως η χορήγηση βαλπροϊκού η ζιντοβουλίνης (157).…”