The effect of plant weight on estimations of stalk lodging resistance

Stubbs, Christopher J.; Oduntan, Yusuf; Keep, Tyrone; Noble, Scott D.; Robertson, Daniel J.

doi:10.1186/s13007-020-00670-w

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Stalk lodging (structural failure/breakage of plant stalks) is a multi-billion dollar a year problem experienced by many crops [ 1 , 2 ]. Stalk lodging occurs when bending moments along the stalk induced by a combination of external loads (e.g., rain, wind) and self-loads (e.g., plant weight) exceed the stalk’s bending strength [ 3 – 6 ]. This leads to stalk failure, typically in form of buckling [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Creating an accurate model geometry is important as both physical experiments [ 24 ] and in silico studies [ 4 ] have demonstrated that even small morphological features of plant stalks have a strong influence on stalk strength and lodging resistance. Previous finite element models of plant stalks have utilized X-ray computed tomography scans [ 4 , 5 , 11 , 21 , 23 ], caliper measurements [ 6 , 25 ] or simple approximations [ 26 ] to create model geometry. Computed tomography scans produce the most accurate geometric representation for finite element analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

High throughput phenotyping of cross-sectional morphology to assess stalk lodging resistance

2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Stalk lodging (mechanical failure of plant stems during windstorms) leads to global yield losses in cereal crops estimated to range from 5% to 25% annually. The cross-sectional morphology of plant stalks is a key determinant of stalk lodging resistance. However, previously developed techniques for quantifying cross-sectional morphology of plant stalks are relatively low-throughput, expensive and often require specialized equipment and expertise. There is need for a simple and cost-effective technique to quantify plant traits related to stalk lodging resistance in a high-throughput manner. Results A new phenotyping methodology was developed and applied to a range of plant samples including, maize (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), wheat (Triticum aestivum), poison hemlock (Conium maculatum), and Arabidopsis (Arabis thaliana). The major diameter, minor diameter, rind thickness and number of vascular bundles were quantified for each of these plant types. Linear correlation analyses demonstrated strong agreement between the newly developed method and more time-consuming manual techniques (R2 > 0.9). In addition, the new method was used to generate several specimen-specific finite element models of plant stalks. All the models compiled without issue and were successfully imported into finite element software for analysis. All the models demonstrated reasonable and stable solutions when subjected to realistic applied loads. Conclusions A rapid, low-cost, and user-friendly phenotyping methodology was developed to quantify two-dimensional plant cross-sections. The methodology offers reduced sample preparation time and cost as compared to previously developed techniques. The new methodology employs a stereoscope and a semi-automated image processing algorithm. The algorithm can be used to produce specimen-specific, dimensionally accurate computational models (including finite element models) of plant stalks.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High throughput phenotyping of cross-sectional morphology to assess stalk lodging resistance

2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It should be noted that several field-based phenotyping devices capable of measuring flexural rigidity have been developed and that these devices could be used in place of the universal testing system utilized in the current study (Cook et al, 2019 ; Heuschele et al, 2019 ; Erndwein et al, 2020 ). However, if field-based phenotyping methods are employed the grain head should either be removed prior to testing or alternatively the grain head should be weighed and the effect of the grain weight on bending strength and flexural rigidity measurements should be accounted for as outlined in Stubbs et al ( 2020a ). In addition, when conducting field tests, it is important to either remove adjacent plants to prevent plant to plant interactions or to account for interactions among plants through a mathematical model (Bebee et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Overlooked Biomechanical Role of the Clasping Leaf Sheath in Wheat Stalk Lodging

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The biomechanical role of the clasping leaf sheath in stalk lodging events has been historically understudied. Results from this study indicate that in some instances the leaf sheath plays an even larger role in reinforcing wheat against stalk lodging than the stem itself. Interestingly, it appears the leaf sheath does not resist bending loads by merely adding more material to the stalk (i.e., increasing the effective diameter). The radial preload of the leaf sheath on the stem, the friction between the sheath and the stem and several other complex biomechanical factors may contribute to increasing the stalk bending strength and stalk flexural rigidity of wheat. Results demonstrated that removal of the leaf sheath induces alternate failure patterns in wheat stalks. In summary the biomechanical role of the leaf sheath is complex and has yet to be fully elucidated. Many future studies are needed to develop high throughput phenotyping methodologies and to determine the genetic underpinnings of the clasping leaf sheath and its relation to stalk lodging resistance. Research in this area is expected to improve the lodging resistance of wheat.

show abstract

“…A stalk lodges (i.e., breaks) when applied loads induce mechanical stresses that either cause the stalk tissues to fail (a.k.a. material failure) or buckle (a.k.a., structural failure) [9,[21][22][23][24][25]. Mechanical stresses in maize stalk can be calculated by approximating the stalk as a cantilever stepped beam with a transverse point load applied at the top of the beam [20,26] (see Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Sectional Geometry Predicts Failure Location in Maize Stalks

Stubbs

McMahan

Tabaracci

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Stalk lodging (breaking of agricultural plant stalks prior to harvest) is a multi-billion dollar a year problem. Stalk lodging occurs when high winds induce bending moments in the stalk which exceed the bending strength of the plant. Previous biomechanical models of plant stalks have investigated the effect of cross-sectional morphology on stalk lodging resistance (e.g., diameter and rind thickness). However, it is unclear if the location of stalk failure along the length of stem is determined by morphological or compositional factors. It is also unclear if the crops are structurally optimized, i.e., if the plants allocate structural biomass to create uniform and minimal bending stresses in the plant tissues. The purpose of this paper is twofold: (1) to investigate the relationship between bending stress and failure location of maize stalks, and (2) to investigate the potential of phenotyping for internode-level bending stresses to assess lodging resistance. Results: 868 maize specimens representing 16 maize hybrids were successfully tested in bending to failure. Internode morphology was measured, and bending stresses were calculated. It was found that bending stress is highly and positively associated with failure location. A user-friendly computational tool is presented to help plant breeders in phenotyping for internode-level bending stress. Phenotyping for internode-level bending stresses could potentially be used to breed for more biomechanically optimal stalks that are resistant to stalk lodging. Conclusions: Internode-level bending stress plays a potentially critical role in the structural integrity of plant stems. Equations and tools provided herein enable researchers to account for this phenotype, which has the potential to increase the bending strength of plants without increasing overall structural biomass.

show abstract

The effect of plant weight on estimations of stalk lodging resistance

Cited by 33 publications

References 35 publications

High throughput phenotyping of cross-sectional morphology to assess stalk lodging resistance

High throughput phenotyping of cross-sectional morphology to assess stalk lodging resistance

The Overlooked Biomechanical Role of the Clasping Leaf Sheath in Wheat Stalk Lodging

Cross-Sectional Geometry Predicts Failure Location in Maize Stalks

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About